Merge branch 'atspi-document-selection' into testing

build-local.sh

@@ -32,6 +32,25 @@ if ! python3 -c "import tomlkit" 2>/dev/null; then
     exit 1
 fi
 
+getPythonSiteDir() {
+    python3 -c 'import sys; print(f"{sys.version_info.major}.{sys.version_info.minor}")'
+}
+
+removeExistingLocalInstall() {
+    local pythonSite packageDir binPath desktopFile manPage
+    pythonSite="$HOME/.local/lib/python$(getPythonSiteDir)/site-packages"
+    packageDir="$pythonSite/cthulhu"
+    binPath="$HOME/.local/bin/cthulhu"
+    desktopFile="$HOME/.local/share/applications/cthulhu.desktop"
+    manPage="$HOME/.local/share/man/man1/cthulhu.1"
+
+    echo "Removing existing local installation targets..."
+    rm -f "$binPath"
+    rm -rf "$packageDir"
+    rm -f "$desktopFile"
+    rm -f "$manPage"
+}
+
 # Check for optional dependencies
 missingOptional=()
 if ! python3 -c "import gi" 2>/dev/null; then
@@ -63,6 +82,7 @@ meson compile -C _build
 
 # Install
 echo "Installing Cthulhu to ~/.local..."
+removeExistingLocalInstall
 meson install -C _build
 
 # Update desktop database and icon cache

docs/atspi-document-selection-handoff.md

@@ -0,0 +1,51 @@
+# AT-SPI Document Selection Branch Handoff
+
+Branch: `atspi-document-selection`
+
+## Implemented
+
+- Added document-wide AT-SPI selection normalization in
+  `src/cthulhu/ax_document_selection.py`.
+- Reworked text-selection handling in `src/cthulhu/script_utilities.py` to use
+  the shared adapter where possible and fall back cleanly where not.
+- Updated primary callers in the default and web scripts so copy/cut,
+  selection announcements, and selected-text queries use the shared selection
+  path.
+- Added keyboard-driven clipboard announcement fallback in
+  `src/cthulhu/scripts/default.py`, including Wayland-specific policy changes.
+- Fixed `build-local.sh` so rebuilding refreshes modified installed modules
+  under `~/.local`.
+
+## Verified
+
+- `python3 -m pytest -q tests/test_document_selection_regressions.py`
+- `python3 -m pytest -q tests/test_default_script_clipboard_regressions.py`
+- `python3 -m pytest -q tests/test_web_input_regressions.py`
+- `HOME=/tmp/cthulhu-test-home python3 -m pytest -q tests`
+- `./build-local.sh`
+
+Latest full-suite result before handoff: `95 passed, 1 warning`.
+
+## Still Open
+
+- Browser link-text selection is still not reliable in Chromium/Edge and in
+  web-backed content like Steam.
+- The current branch includes extra diagnostics around clipboard and selection
+  paths because they were useful during manual debugging.
+- The newest attempted web fix is in `src/cthulhu/scripts/web/script.py`, but
+  the manual repro still fails:
+  - selecting link text with `Shift+Left` / `Shift+Right`
+  - hearing no selection announcement
+  - then having copy behavior depend on fallback logic instead of real
+    selection state
+
+## Useful Files For Follow-Up
+
+- `src/cthulhu/ax_document_selection.py`
+- `src/cthulhu/script_utilities.py`
+- `src/cthulhu/scripts/default.py`
+- `src/cthulhu/scripts/web/script.py`
+- `src/cthulhu/scripts/web/script_utilities.py`
+- `tests/test_document_selection_regressions.py`
+- `tests/test_default_script_clipboard_regressions.py`
+- `tests/test_web_input_regressions.py`

src/cthulhu/ax_document_selection.py

@@ -0,0 +1,571 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env python3
+#
+# Copyright (c) 2026 Stormux
+#
+# This library is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
+# modify it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public
+# License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either
+# version 2.1 of the License, or (at your option) any later version.
+#
+# Forked from Orca screen reader.
+# Cthulhu project: https://git.stormux.org/storm/cthulhu
+
+"""Helpers for document-wide AT-SPI text selections."""
+
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import functools
+from dataclasses import dataclass, field
+from typing import Any, Optional, TYPE_CHECKING
+
+import gi
+
+gi.require_version("Atspi", "2.0")
+from gi.repository import Atspi
+from gi.repository import GLib
+
+from . import debug
+from .ax_object import AXObject
+from .ax_text import AXText
+
+if TYPE_CHECKING:
+    from .script_utilities import Utilities
+
+
+@dataclass
+class AXSelectionRange:
+    start_object: Atspi.Accessible
+    start_offset: int
+    end_object: Atspi.Accessible
+    end_offset: int
+    start_is_active: bool = False
+
+    def anchor_endpoint(self) -> tuple[Any, int]:
+        if self.start_is_active:
+            return self.end_object, self.end_offset
+        return self.start_object, self.start_offset
+
+    def focus_endpoint(self) -> tuple[Any, int]:
+        if self.start_is_active:
+            return self.start_object, self.start_offset
+        return self.end_object, self.end_offset
+
+    def active_endpoint(self) -> tuple[Any, int]:
+        if self.start_is_active:
+            return self.start_object, self.start_offset
+        return self.end_object, self.end_offset
+
+
+@dataclass
+class AXSelectionSnapshot:
+    document: Optional[Atspi.Accessible]
+    source_object: Optional[Atspi.Accessible]
+    ranges: list[AXSelectionRange] = field(default_factory=list)
+    anchor_focus_pairs: list[tuple[Any, int, Any, int]] = field(default_factory=list)
+    entire_document_selected: bool = False
+    is_authoritative: bool = False
+
+
+@dataclass
+class AXProjectedSelection:
+    obj: Optional[Atspi.Accessible]
+    local_ranges: list[tuple[int, int]] = field(default_factory=list)
+    text: str = ""
+    start_offset: int = 0
+    end_offset: int = 0
+
+
+class AXDocumentSelection:
+    """Normalizes and applies document-wide text selections."""
+
+    def __init__(self, utilities: "Utilities") -> None:
+        self._utilities = utilities
+
+    def empty_snapshot(
+        self,
+        source_object: Optional[Atspi.Accessible] = None,
+        document: Optional[Atspi.Accessible] = None,
+    ) -> AXSelectionSnapshot:
+        return AXSelectionSnapshot(document=document, source_object=source_object)
+
+    def get_cached_snapshot(self, obj: Optional[Atspi.Accessible]) -> AXSelectionSnapshot:
+        document = self._utilities.getDocumentForObject(obj)
+        state = self._utilities._script.pointOfReference.get("selectionState", {})
+        snapshot = state.get("snapshot")
+        if snapshot is None:
+            return self.empty_snapshot(obj, document)
+        if state.get("document") != document:
+            return self.empty_snapshot(obj, document)
+        return snapshot
+
+    def refresh_snapshot(self, obj: Optional[Atspi.Accessible]) -> AXSelectionSnapshot:
+        document = self._utilities.getDocumentForObject(obj)
+        snapshot = self._fetch_snapshot(document, obj)
+        state = self._utilities._script.pointOfReference.get("selectionState", {})
+        if state.get("document") != document:
+            state = {}
+        state["document"] = document
+        state["snapshot"] = snapshot
+        state.setdefault("textSelections", {})
+        self._utilities._script.pointOfReference["selectionState"] = state
+        if snapshot.is_authoritative:
+            self._utilities._script.pointOfReference["entireDocumentSelected"] = snapshot.entire_document_selected
+        return snapshot
+
+    def get_selected_objects(self, snapshot: AXSelectionSnapshot) -> list[Atspi.Accessible]:
+        seen = set()
+        objects = []
+        for selectionRange in snapshot.ranges:
+            for obj in self._objects_for_range(selectionRange):
+                if hash(obj) in seen:
+                    continue
+                seen.add(hash(obj))
+                objects.append(obj)
+        return objects
+
+    def get_projected_selection(
+        self,
+        obj: Optional[Atspi.Accessible],
+        snapshot: Optional[AXSelectionSnapshot] = None,
+    ) -> AXProjectedSelection:
+        if not obj:
+            return AXProjectedSelection(obj)
+
+        snapshot = snapshot or self.get_cached_snapshot(obj)
+        if not snapshot.is_authoritative:
+            return AXProjectedSelection(obj)
+
+        localRanges = []
+        for selectionRange in snapshot.ranges:
+            localRanges.extend(self._project_range_onto_object(selectionRange, obj))
+        localRanges = self._merge_ranges(localRanges)
+
+        fragments = []
+        for startOffset, endOffset in localRanges:
+            text = self._utilities.expandEOCs(obj, startOffset, endOffset)
+            if text:
+                fragments.append(text)
+
+        if localRanges:
+            startOffset = localRanges[0][0]
+            endOffset = localRanges[-1][1]
+        else:
+            startOffset = endOffset = 0
+
+        return AXProjectedSelection(
+            obj=obj,
+            local_ranges=localRanges,
+            text=" ".join(fragments),
+            start_offset=startOffset,
+            end_offset=endOffset,
+        )
+
+    def get_all_selected_text(
+        self,
+        obj: Optional[Atspi.Accessible],
+        snapshot: Optional[AXSelectionSnapshot] = None,
+    ) -> tuple[str, int, int]:
+        if not obj:
+            return "", 0, 0
+
+        snapshot = snapshot or self.get_cached_snapshot(obj)
+        projected = self.get_projected_selection(obj, snapshot)
+        if not snapshot.is_authoritative or not snapshot.ranges:
+            return projected.text, projected.start_offset, projected.end_offset
+
+        fragments = []
+        for selectionRange in snapshot.ranges:
+            text = self._range_text(selectionRange)
+            if text:
+                fragments.append(text)
+
+        return " ".join(fragments), projected.start_offset, projected.end_offset
+
+    def clear_selection(self, obj: Optional[Atspi.Accessible]) -> bool:
+        if not obj:
+            return False
+
+        snapshot = self.refresh_snapshot(obj)
+        if not snapshot.is_authoritative:
+            return False
+
+        projected = self.get_projected_selection(obj, snapshot)
+        if not projected.local_ranges and not snapshot.entire_document_selected:
+            return False
+
+        return self._set_document_ranges(snapshot.document, [])
+
+    def adjust_selection(self, obj: Optional[Atspi.Accessible], offset: int) -> bool:
+        if not obj:
+            return False
+
+        snapshot = self.refresh_snapshot(obj)
+        if not snapshot.is_authoritative:
+            return False
+
+        ranges = list(snapshot.ranges)
+        anchorOffset = AXText.get_caret_offset(obj)
+        rangeIndex = self._resolve_primary_range_index(ranges, obj, anchorOffset)
+        if rangeIndex is None:
+            rangeIndex = len(ranges)
+            ranges.append(
+                AXSelectionRange(
+                    start_object=obj,
+                    start_offset=anchorOffset,
+                    end_object=obj,
+                    end_offset=anchorOffset,
+                    start_is_active=False,
+                )
+            )
+
+        selectionRange = ranges[rangeIndex]
+        anchorObject, anchorOffset = selectionRange.anchor_endpoint()
+        updatedRange = self._build_range(anchorObject, anchorOffset, obj, offset)
+        if updatedRange is None:
+            return False
+
+        ranges[rangeIndex] = updatedRange
+        return self._set_document_ranges(snapshot.document, ranges)
+
+    def _fetch_snapshot(
+        self,
+        document: Optional[Atspi.Accessible],
+        source_object: Optional[Atspi.Accessible],
+    ) -> AXSelectionSnapshot:
+        if not document:
+            return self.empty_snapshot(source_object, document)
+
+        try:
+            rawSelections = Atspi.Document.get_text_selections(document)
+        except (AttributeError, GLib.GError, TypeError) as error:
+            msg = f"AXDocumentSelection: Exception in get_text_selections: {error}"
+            debug.printMessage(debug.LEVEL_INFO, msg, True)
+            return self.empty_snapshot(source_object, document)
+
+        ranges = []
+        for rawSelection in rawSelections or []:
+            selectionRange = self._normalize_range(document, rawSelection)
+            if selectionRange is None:
+                return self.empty_snapshot(source_object, document)
+            ranges.append(selectionRange)
+
+        ranges.sort(key=functools.cmp_to_key(self._compare_ranges))
+        return AXSelectionSnapshot(
+            document=document,
+            source_object=source_object,
+            ranges=ranges,
+            anchor_focus_pairs=[
+                (
+                    selectionRange.anchor_endpoint()[0],
+                    selectionRange.anchor_endpoint()[1],
+                    selectionRange.focus_endpoint()[0],
+                    selectionRange.focus_endpoint()[1],
+                )
+                for selectionRange in ranges
+            ],
+            entire_document_selected=self._is_entire_document_selected(ranges),
+            is_authoritative=bool(ranges),
+        )
+
+    def _normalize_range(
+        self,
+        document: Atspi.Accessible,
+        rawSelection: Any,
+    ) -> Optional[AXSelectionRange]:
+        startObject = getattr(rawSelection, "start_object", None)
+        endObject = getattr(rawSelection, "end_object", None)
+        startOffset = getattr(rawSelection, "start_offset", 0)
+        endOffset = getattr(rawSelection, "end_offset", 0)
+        startIsActive = bool(getattr(rawSelection, "start_is_active", False))
+
+        if not startObject or not endObject:
+            return None
+        if not AXObject.supports_text(startObject) or not AXObject.supports_text(endObject):
+            return None
+        if self._utilities.getDocumentForObject(startObject) != document:
+            return None
+        if self._utilities.getDocumentForObject(endObject) != document:
+            return None
+
+        comparison = self._compare_positions(startObject, startOffset, endObject, endOffset)
+        if comparison is None:
+            return None
+        if comparison > 0:
+            startObject, endObject = endObject, startObject
+            startOffset, endOffset = endOffset, startOffset
+            startIsActive = not startIsActive
+
+        if startObject == endObject and startOffset > endOffset:
+            startOffset, endOffset = endOffset, startOffset
+            startIsActive = not startIsActive
+
+        if startObject == endObject and startOffset == endOffset:
+            return None
+
+        return AXSelectionRange(
+            start_object=startObject,
+            start_offset=startOffset,
+            end_object=endObject,
+            end_offset=endOffset,
+            start_is_active=startIsActive,
+        )
+
+    def _is_entire_document_selected(self, ranges: list[AXSelectionRange]) -> bool:
+        if len(ranges) != 1:
+            return False
+
+        selectionRange = ranges[0]
+        if selectionRange.start_offset != 0:
+            return False
+        if selectionRange.end_offset != AXText.get_character_count(selectionRange.end_object):
+            return False
+
+        if self._find_previous_text_object(selectionRange.start_object) is not None:
+            return False
+        if self._find_next_text_object(selectionRange.end_object) is not None:
+            return False
+
+        return True
+
+    def _find_previous_text_object(self, obj: Atspi.Accessible) -> Optional[Atspi.Accessible]:
+        current = obj
+        while current:
+            current = self._utilities.findPreviousObject(current)
+            if current is None:
+                return None
+            text = self._utilities.queryNonEmptyText(current)
+            if text:
+                return text
+        return None
+
+    def _find_next_text_object(self, obj: Atspi.Accessible) -> Optional[Atspi.Accessible]:
+        current = obj
+        while current:
+            current = self._utilities.findNextObject(current)
+            if current is None:
+                return None
+            text = self._utilities.queryNonEmptyText(current)
+            if text:
+                return text
+        return None
+
+    def _compare_ranges(self, range1: AXSelectionRange, range2: AXSelectionRange) -> int:
+        comparison = self._compare_positions(
+            range1.start_object,
+            range1.start_offset,
+            range2.start_object,
+            range2.start_offset,
+        )
+        if comparison is None:
+            return 0
+        return comparison
+
+    def _compare_positions(
+        self,
+        obj1: Atspi.Accessible,
+        offset1: int,
+        obj2: Atspi.Accessible,
+        offset2: int,
+    ) -> Optional[int]:
+        if obj1 == obj2:
+            if offset1 < offset2:
+                return -1
+            if offset1 > offset2:
+                return 1
+            return 0
+
+        seen = {hash(obj1)}
+        current = obj1
+        while current:
+            current = self._utilities.findNextObject(current)
+            if current is None:
+                break
+            if hash(current) in seen:
+                break
+            if current == obj2:
+                return -1
+            seen.add(hash(current))
+
+        seen = {hash(obj2)}
+        current = obj2
+        while current:
+            current = self._utilities.findNextObject(current)
+            if current is None:
+                break
+            if hash(current) in seen:
+                break
+            if current == obj1:
+                return 1
+            seen.add(hash(current))
+
+        return None
+
+    def _objects_for_range(self, selectionRange: AXSelectionRange) -> list[Atspi.Accessible]:
+        objects = [selectionRange.start_object]
+        if selectionRange.start_object == selectionRange.end_object:
+            return objects
+
+        seen = {hash(selectionRange.start_object)}
+        current = selectionRange.start_object
+        while current and current != selectionRange.end_object:
+            current = self._utilities.findNextObject(current)
+            if current is None or hash(current) in seen:
+                return []
+            seen.add(hash(current))
+            if self._utilities.queryNonEmptyText(current):
+                objects.append(current)
+
+        if not objects or objects[-1] != selectionRange.end_object:
+            return []
+
+        return objects
+
+    def _project_range_onto_object(
+        self,
+        selectionRange: AXSelectionRange,
+        obj: Atspi.Accessible,
+    ) -> list[tuple[int, int]]:
+        rangeObjects = self._objects_for_range(selectionRange)
+        if obj not in rangeObjects:
+            return []
+
+        if selectionRange.start_object == selectionRange.end_object == obj:
+            startOffset = min(selectionRange.start_offset, selectionRange.end_offset)
+            endOffset = max(selectionRange.start_offset, selectionRange.end_offset)
+            if startOffset < endOffset:
+                return [(startOffset, endOffset)]
+            return []
+
+        if obj == selectionRange.start_object:
+            startOffset = selectionRange.start_offset
+            endOffset = AXText.get_character_count(obj)
+            return [(startOffset, endOffset)] if startOffset < endOffset else []
+
+        if obj == selectionRange.end_object:
+            startOffset = 0
+            endOffset = selectionRange.end_offset
+            return [(startOffset, endOffset)] if startOffset < endOffset else []
+
+        endOffset = AXText.get_character_count(obj)
+        return [(0, endOffset)] if endOffset else []
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def _merge_ranges(ranges: list[tuple[int, int]]) -> list[tuple[int, int]]:
+        if not ranges:
+            return []
+
+        merged = []
+        for startOffset, endOffset in sorted(ranges):
+            if not merged or startOffset > merged[-1][1]:
+                merged.append((startOffset, endOffset))
+                continue
+            merged[-1] = (merged[-1][0], max(merged[-1][1], endOffset))
+
+        return merged
+
+    def _range_text(self, selectionRange: AXSelectionRange) -> str:
+        fragments = []
+        for obj in self._objects_for_range(selectionRange):
+            if obj == selectionRange.start_object == selectionRange.end_object:
+                startOffset = selectionRange.start_offset
+                endOffset = selectionRange.end_offset
+            elif obj == selectionRange.start_object:
+                startOffset = selectionRange.start_offset
+                endOffset = AXText.get_character_count(obj)
+            elif obj == selectionRange.end_object:
+                startOffset = 0
+                endOffset = selectionRange.end_offset
+            else:
+                startOffset = 0
+                endOffset = AXText.get_character_count(obj)
+
+            if startOffset >= endOffset:
+                continue
+
+            text = self._utilities.expandEOCs(obj, startOffset, endOffset)
+            if text:
+                fragments.append(text)
+
+        return " ".join(fragments)
+
+    def _resolve_primary_range_index(
+        self,
+        ranges: list[AXSelectionRange],
+        obj: Atspi.Accessible,
+        caretOffset: int,
+    ) -> Optional[int]:
+        containing = []
+        projected = []
+        active = []
+        for index, selectionRange in enumerate(ranges):
+            localRanges = self._project_range_onto_object(selectionRange, obj)
+            if localRanges:
+                projected.append(index)
+                for startOffset, endOffset in localRanges:
+                    if startOffset <= caretOffset <= endOffset:
+                        containing.append(index)
+                        break
+            if selectionRange.active_endpoint()[0] == obj:
+                active.append(index)
+
+        if len(containing) == 1:
+            return containing[0]
+        if len(projected) == 1:
+            return projected[0]
+        if len(active) == 1:
+            return active[0]
+        return None
+
+    def _build_range(
+        self,
+        anchorObject: Atspi.Accessible,
+        anchorOffset: int,
+        focusObject: Atspi.Accessible,
+        focusOffset: int,
+    ) -> Optional[AXSelectionRange]:
+        comparison = self._compare_positions(anchorObject, anchorOffset, focusObject, focusOffset)
+        if comparison is None:
+            return None
+        if comparison <= 0:
+            return AXSelectionRange(
+                start_object=anchorObject,
+                start_offset=anchorOffset,
+                end_object=focusObject,
+                end_offset=focusOffset,
+                start_is_active=False,
+            )
+
+        return AXSelectionRange(
+            start_object=focusObject,
+            start_offset=focusOffset,
+            end_object=anchorObject,
+            end_offset=anchorOffset,
+            start_is_active=True,
+        )
+
+    def _set_document_ranges(
+        self,
+        document: Optional[Atspi.Accessible],
+        ranges: list[AXSelectionRange],
+    ) -> bool:
+        if not document:
+            return False
+
+        selections = []
+        for selectionRange in ranges:
+            selection = Atspi.TextSelection()
+            selection.start_object = selectionRange.start_object
+            selection.start_offset = selectionRange.start_offset
+            selection.end_object = selectionRange.end_object
+            selection.end_offset = selectionRange.end_offset
+            selection.start_is_active = selectionRange.start_is_active
+            selections.append(selection)
+
+        try:
+            result = Atspi.Document.set_text_selections(document, selections)
+        except (AttributeError, GLib.GError, TypeError) as error:
+            msg = f"AXDocumentSelection: Exception in set_text_selections: {error}"
+            debug.printMessage(debug.LEVEL_INFO, msg, True)
+            return False
+
+        return bool(result)

src/cthulhu/meson.build

@@ -6,6 +6,7 @@ cthulhu_python_sources = files([
   'ax_collection.py',
   'ax_component.py',
   'ax_document.py',
+  'ax_document_selection.py',
   'ax_event_synthesizer.py',
   'ax_hypertext.py',
   'ax_object.py',

src/cthulhu/script_utilities.py

@@ -66,6 +66,7 @@ from . import pronunciation_dict
 from . import settings
 from . import settings_manager
 from . import text_attribute_names
+from .ax_document_selection import AXDocumentSelection
 from .ax_object import AXObject
 from .ax_selection import AXSelection
 from .ax_table import AXTable
@@ -161,6 +162,7 @@ class Utilities:
         self._clipboardHandlerId: Optional[int] = None
         self._lastIndentationData: dict[Any, Any] = {}
         self._selectedMenuBarMenu: dict[Any, Any] = {}
+        self._documentSelectionAdapter = AXDocumentSelection(self)
 
     #########################################################################
     #                                                                       #
@@ -2405,6 +2407,137 @@ class Utilities:
     #                                                                       #
     #########################################################################
 
+    def _getSelectionAdapter(self) -> AXDocumentSelection:
+        adapter = getattr(self, "_documentSelectionAdapter", None)
+        if adapter is None:
+            adapter = AXDocumentSelection(self)
+            self._documentSelectionAdapter = adapter
+        return adapter
+
+    def _getSelectionState(self) -> dict[Any, Any]:
+        state = self._script.pointOfReference.get('selectionState')
+        if state is None:
+            state = {'textSelections': {}}
+            self._script.pointOfReference['selectionState'] = state
+        state.setdefault('textSelections', {})
+        return state
+
+    def _getCachedSelectionData(self, obj: Atspi.Accessible) -> dict[str, Any]:
+        if not obj:
+            return {'ranges': [], 'start': 0, 'end': 0, 'string': ''}
+
+        cached = self._getSelectionState().get('textSelections', {}).get(hash(obj), {})
+        return {
+            'ranges': list(cached.get('ranges', [])),
+            'start': cached.get('start', 0),
+            'end': cached.get('end', 0),
+            'string': cached.get('string', ''),
+        }
+
+    def _cacheSelectionData(self, obj: Atspi.Accessible, data: dict[str, Any]) -> None:
+        textSelections = self._getSelectionState().setdefault('textSelections', {})
+
+        if hash(obj) in textSelections:
+            value = textSelections.pop(hash(obj))
+            for x in [k for k in textSelections.keys() if textSelections.get(k) == value]:
+                textSelections.pop(x)
+
+        textSelections[hash(obj)] = {
+            'ranges': list(data.get('ranges', [])),
+            'start': data.get('start', 0),
+            'end': data.get('end', 0),
+            'string': data.get('string', ''),
+        }
+
+    def _getSelectionTextFragment(self, obj: Atspi.Accessible, start: int, end: int) -> str:
+        text = self.expandEOCs(obj, start, end)
+        if text:
+            return text
+
+        fallback = AXText.get_substring(obj, start, end)
+        if fallback:
+            tokens = [
+                "SCRIPT UTILITIES: Falling back to raw substring for selection text in",
+                obj,
+                f"({start}, {end})",
+            ]
+            debug.printTokens(debug.LEVEL_INFO, tokens, True)
+            return fallback
+
+        return ""
+
+    def _getLocalSelectionData(self, obj: Atspi.Accessible) -> dict[str, Any]:
+        if not AXObject.supports_text(obj):
+            return {'ranges': [], 'start': 0, 'end': 0, 'string': ''}
+
+        textContents = ""
+        startOffset = endOffset = 0
+        ranges = AXText.get_selected_ranges(obj)
+        for start, end in ranges:
+            if start == end:
+                continue
+            selectedText = self._getSelectionTextFragment(obj, start, end)
+            if textContents:
+                textContents += " "
+            textContents += selectedText
+            if startOffset == endOffset == 0:
+                startOffset = start
+            endOffset = end
+
+        return {
+            'ranges': ranges,
+            'start': startOffset,
+            'end': endOffset,
+            'string': textContents,
+        }
+
+    def _getSelectionData(
+        self,
+        obj: Atspi.Accessible,
+        snapshot: Any = None,
+    ) -> dict[str, Any]:
+        if not AXObject.supports_text(obj):
+            return {'ranges': [], 'start': 0, 'end': 0, 'string': ''}
+
+        snapshot = snapshot if snapshot is not None else self._getSelectionAdapter().refresh_snapshot(obj)
+        if snapshot.is_authoritative:
+            projected = self._getSelectionAdapter().get_projected_selection(obj, snapshot)
+            return {
+                'ranges': list(projected.local_ranges),
+                'start': projected.start_offset,
+                'end': projected.end_offset,
+                'string': projected.text,
+            }
+
+        return self._getLocalSelectionData(obj)
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def _rangesToCharSet(ranges: list[tuple[int, int]]) -> set[int]:
+        chars = set()
+        for start, end in ranges:
+            chars.update(range(start, end))
+        return chars
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def _charSetToRanges(chars: set[int]) -> list[tuple[int, int]]:
+        if not chars:
+            return []
+
+        change = sorted(chars)
+        ranges = []
+        startOffset = change[0]
+        endOffset = change[0] + 1
+        for offset in change[1:]:
+            if offset == endOffset:
+                endOffset += 1
+                continue
+            ranges.append((startOffset, endOffset))
+            startOffset = offset
+            endOffset = offset + 1
+
+        ranges.append((startOffset, endOffset))
+        return ranges
+
     def adjustTextSelection(self, obj: Atspi.Accessible, offset: int) -> None:
         """Adjusts the end point of a text selection
 
@@ -2417,6 +2550,9 @@ class Utilities:
         if not AXObject.supports_text(obj):
             return
 
+        if self._getSelectionAdapter().adjust_selection(obj, offset):
+            return
+
         selections = AXText.get_selected_ranges(obj)
         if not selections:
             caretOffset = AXText.get_caret_offset(obj)
@@ -2467,6 +2603,10 @@ class Utilities:
         offsets within the text for the given object.
         """
 
+        snapshot = self._getSelectionAdapter().refresh_snapshot(obj)
+        if snapshot.is_authoritative:
+            return self._getSelectionAdapter().get_all_selected_text(obj, snapshot)
+
         textContents, startOffset, endOffset = self.selectedText(obj)
         if textContents and self._script.pointOfReference.get('entireDocumentSelected'):
             return textContents, startOffset, endOffset
@@ -2506,6 +2646,10 @@ class Utilities:
         the text interface.
         """
 
+        snapshot = self._getSelectionAdapter().refresh_snapshot(obj)
+        if snapshot.is_authoritative:
+            return self._getSelectionAdapter().get_projected_selection(obj, snapshot).local_ranges
+
         return AXText.get_selected_ranges(obj)
 
     def getChildAtOffset(self, obj: Atspi.Accessible, offset: Any) -> Optional[Any]:
@@ -2589,6 +2733,11 @@ class Utilities:
         if not AXObject.supports_text(obj):
             return
 
+        if self._getSelectionAdapter().clear_selection(obj):
+            self._script.pointOfReference['entireDocumentSelected'] = False
+            self._getSelectionState()['textSelections'] = {}
+            return
+
         for i in range(AXText._get_n_selections(obj)):
             AXText._remove_selection(obj, i)
 
@@ -2738,20 +2887,8 @@ class Utilities:
         offsets within the text.
         """
 
-        textContents = ""
-        startOffset = endOffset = 0
-        for start, end in AXText.get_selected_ranges(obj):
-            if start == end:
-                continue
-            selectedText = self.expandEOCs(obj, start, end)
-            if textContents:
-                textContents += " "
-            textContents += selectedText
-            if startOffset == endOffset == 0:
-                startOffset = start
-            endOffset = end
-
-        return [textContents, startOffset, endOffset]
+        selectionData = self._getSelectionData(obj)
+        return [selectionData['string'], selectionData['start'], selectionData['end']]
 
     def getCaretContext(self) -> Any:
         obj = cthulhu_state.locusOfFocus
@@ -4841,8 +4978,8 @@ class Utilities:
         return ""
 
     def getCachedTextSelection(self, obj: Atspi.Accessible) -> Any:
-        textSelections = self._script.pointOfReference.get('textSelections', {})
-        start, end, string = textSelections.get(hash(obj), (0, 0, ''))
+        cached = self._getCachedSelectionData(obj)
+        start, end, string = cached['start'], cached['end'], cached['string']
         tokens = ["SCRIPT UTILITIES: Cached selection for", obj, f"is '{string}' ({start}, {end})"]
         debug.printTokens(debug.LEVEL_INFO, tokens, True)
         return start, end, string
@@ -4851,44 +4988,41 @@ class Utilities:
         if not AXObject.supports_text(obj):
             tokens = ["SCRIPT UTILITIES:", obj, "doesn't implement AtspiText"]
             debug.printTokens(debug.LEVEL_INFO, tokens, True)
-            text = None
-        else:
-            text = obj
+            self._cacheSelectionData(obj, {'ranges': [], 'start': 0, 'end': 0, 'string': ''})
+            return
 
         if self._script.pointOfReference.get('entireDocumentSelected'):
             selectedText, selectedStart, selectedEnd = self.allSelectedText(obj)
             if not selectedText:
                 self._script.pointOfReference['entireDocumentSelected'] = False
-                self._script.pointOfReference['textSelections'] = {}
+                self._getSelectionState()['textSelections'] = {}
 
-        textSelections = self._script.pointOfReference.get('textSelections', {})
+        snapshot = self._getSelectionAdapter().refresh_snapshot(obj)
+        selectionData = self._getSelectionData(obj, snapshot)
+        if snapshot.is_authoritative and not snapshot.ranges:
+            self._script.pointOfReference['entireDocumentSelected'] = False
+            self._getSelectionState()['textSelections'] = {}
 
-        # Because some apps and toolkits create, destroy, and duplicate objects
-        # and events.
-        if hash(obj) in textSelections:
-            value = textSelections.pop(hash(obj))
-            for x in [k for k in textSelections.keys() if textSelections.get(k) == value]:
-                textSelections.pop(x)
-
-        start, end, string = 0, 0, ''
-        if text:
-            string, start, end = self._getSingleSelectionText(obj)
-
-        tokens = ["SCRIPT UTILITIES: New selection for", obj, f"is '{string}' ({start}, {end})"]
+        tokens = [
+            "SCRIPT UTILITIES: New selection for",
+            obj,
+            f"is '{selectionData['string']}' ({selectionData['start']}, {selectionData['end']})",
+        ]
         debug.printTokens(debug.LEVEL_INFO, tokens, True)
-        textSelections[hash(obj)] = start, end, string
-        self._script.pointOfReference['textSelections'] = textSelections
+        self._cacheSelectionData(obj, selectionData)
 
     def _getSingleSelectionText(self, obj: Atspi.Accessible) -> Any:
         # NOTE: Does not handle multiple non-contiguous selections.
         string, start, end = AXText.get_selected_text(obj)
         if string:
-            string = self.expandEOCs(obj, start, end)
+            string = self._getSelectionTextFragment(obj, start, end)
         return string, start, end
 
     def onClipboardContentsChanged(self, *args: Any) -> None:
         script = cthulhu_state.activeScript
         if not script:
+            msg = "SCRIPT UTILITIES: Clipboard contents changed with no active script"
+            debug.printMessage(debug.LEVEL_INFO, msg, True)
             return
 
         if time.time() - Utilities._last_clipboard_update < 0.05:
@@ -4897,6 +5031,8 @@ class Utilities:
             return
 
         Utilities._last_clipboard_update = time.time()
+        tokens = ["SCRIPT UTILITIES: Clipboard contents changed for", script]
+        debug.printTokens(debug.LEVEL_INFO, tokens, True)
         script.onClipboardContentsChanged(*args)
 
     def connectToClipboard(self) -> None:
@@ -5243,6 +5379,10 @@ class Utilities:
         if not contents:
             return False
 
+        string, _, _ = self.allSelectedText(obj)
+        if string and string in contents:
+            return True
+
         string, start, end = self.selectedText(obj)
         if string and string in contents:
             return True
@@ -5251,7 +5391,11 @@ class Utilities:
         if AXObject.is_dead(obj):
             return False
 
-        return obj and AXObject.get_name(obj) in contents
+        name = AXObject.get_name(obj)
+        if obj and name in contents:
+            return True
+
+        return False
 
     def clearCachedCommandState(self) -> bool:
         self._script.pointOfReference['undo'] = False
@@ -5404,9 +5548,19 @@ class Utilities:
         if not AXObject.supports_text(obj):
             return False
 
-        oldStart, oldEnd, oldString = self.getCachedTextSelection(obj)
-        self.updateCachedTextSelection(obj)
-        newStart, newEnd, newString = self.getCachedTextSelection(obj)
+        oldSelection = self._getCachedSelectionData(obj)
+        oldStart = oldSelection['start']
+        oldEnd = oldSelection['end']
+        oldString = oldSelection['string']
+        oldRanges = oldSelection['ranges']
+
+        snapshot = self._getSelectionAdapter().refresh_snapshot(obj)
+        newSelection = self._getSelectionData(obj, snapshot)
+        self._cacheSelectionData(obj, newSelection)
+        newStart = newSelection['start']
+        newEnd = newSelection['end']
+        newString = newSelection['string']
+        newRanges = newSelection['ranges']
 
         if self._speakTextSelectionState(len(newString)):
             return True
@@ -5418,38 +5572,23 @@ class Utilities:
             return False
 
         changes = []
-        oldChars = set(range(oldStart, oldEnd))
-        newChars = set(range(newStart, newEnd))
+        oldChars = self._rangesToCharSet(oldRanges)
+        newChars = self._rangesToCharSet(newRanges)
         if not oldChars.union(newChars):
             return False
 
-        if oldChars and newChars and not oldChars.intersection(newChars):
-            # A simultaneous unselection and selection centered at one offset.
-            changes.append([oldStart, oldEnd, messages.TEXT_UNSELECTED])
-            changes.append([newStart, newEnd, messages.TEXT_SELECTED])
-        else:
-            change = sorted(oldChars.symmetric_difference(newChars))
-            if not change:
-                return False
+        for start, end in self._charSetToRanges(oldChars - newChars):
+            changes.append([start, end, messages.TEXT_UNSELECTED])
 
-            changeStart, changeEnd = change[0], change[-1] + 1
-            if oldChars < newChars:
-                changes.append([changeStart, changeEnd, messages.TEXT_SELECTED])
-                if oldString.endswith(self.EMBEDDED_OBJECT_CHARACTER) and oldEnd == changeStart:
-                    # There's a possibility that we have a link spanning multiple lines. If so,
-                    # we want to present the continuation that just became selected.
-                    child = self.findChildAtOffset(obj, oldEnd - 1)
-                    self.handleTextSelectionChange(child, False)
-            else:
-                changes.append([changeStart, changeEnd, messages.TEXT_UNSELECTED])
-                if newString.endswith(self.EMBEDDED_OBJECT_CHARACTER):
-                    # There's a possibility that we have a link spanning multiple lines. If so,
-                    # we want to present the continuation that just became unselected.
-                    child = self.findChildAtOffset(obj, newEnd - 1)
-                    self.handleTextSelectionChange(child, False)
+        for start, end in self._charSetToRanges(newChars - oldChars):
+            changes.append([start, end, messages.TEXT_SELECTED])
+
+        if not changes:
+            return False
 
         speakMessage = speakMessage and not cthulhu.cthulhuApp.settingsManager.getSetting('onlySpeakDisplayedText')
-        for start, end, message in changes:
+        maxFragments = 3
+        for start, end, message in changes[:maxFragments]:
             string = AXText.get_substring(obj, start, end)
             endsWithChild = string.endswith(self.EMBEDDED_OBJECT_CHARACTER)
             if endsWithChild:
@@ -5463,6 +5602,17 @@ class Utilities:
                 child = self.findChildAtOffset(obj, end)
                 self.handleTextSelectionChange(child, speakMessage)
 
+        remaining = changes[maxFragments:]
+        if speakMessage and remaining:
+            selectedCount = sum(1 for x in remaining if x[2] == messages.TEXT_SELECTED)
+            unselectedCount = sum(1 for x in remaining if x[2] == messages.TEXT_UNSELECTED)
+            if selectedCount and not unselectedCount:
+                self._script.speakMessage(f"{selectedCount} more ranges selected", interrupt=False)
+            elif unselectedCount and not selectedCount:
+                self._script.speakMessage(f"{unselectedCount} more ranges unselected", interrupt=False)
+            else:
+                self._script.speakMessage(f"{len(remaining)} more selection changes", interrupt=False)
+
         return True
 
     def _getCtrlShiftSelectionsStrings(self) -> Any:

src/cthulhu/scripts/apps/Thunderbird/script.py

@@ -313,6 +313,7 @@ class Script(Gecko.Script):
 
             # Mozilla cannot seem to get their ":system" suffix right
             # to save their lives, so we'll add yet another sad hack.
+            # Intentional object-local check: autocomplete selection lives in this entry.
             selections = AXText.get_selected_ranges(event.source)
             hasSelection = bool(selections)
             if hasSelection or isSystemEvent:
@@ -332,6 +333,7 @@ class Script(Gecko.Script):
             return
 
         if self.utilities.isEditableMessage(obj) and self.spellcheck.isActive():
+            # Intentional object-local check: spellcheck position is tracked within this entry.
             selections = AXText.get_selected_ranges(obj)
             if selections:
                 selStart, selEnd = selections[0]

src/cthulhu/scripts/apps/gnome-shell/script_utilities.py

@@ -86,6 +86,7 @@ class Utilities(script_utilities.Utilities):
         debug.printTokens(debug.LEVEL_INFO, tokens, True)
 
         text = self.queryNonEmptyText(obj)
+        # Intentional object-local fallback for GNOME Shell's broken selection ranges.
         if AXText.get_selected_ranges(obj):
             string = AXText.get_all_text(obj)
             start, end = 0, len(string)

src/cthulhu/scripts/apps/soffice/script_utilities.py

@@ -333,6 +333,8 @@ class Utilities(script_utilities.Utilities):
         relations = filter(lambda r: r.getRelationType() in flows, relationSet)
         targets = [r.getTarget(0) for r in relations]
         for target in targets:
+            # Intentional object-local probe: we only care whether this related object
+            # itself currently exposes selected text.
             if AXText.get_selected_ranges(target):
                 return True
 

src/cthulhu/scripts/default.py

@@ -40,6 +40,7 @@ gi.require_version('Atspi', '2.0')
 gi.require_version('Gdk', '3.0')
 from gi.repository import Atspi
 from gi.repository import Gdk
+from gi.repository import GLib
 
 import re
 import time
@@ -66,6 +67,7 @@ import cthulhu.settings_manager as settings_manager
 import cthulhu.sound as sound
 import cthulhu.speech as speech
 import cthulhu.speechserver as speechserver
+import cthulhu.wnck_support as wnck_support
 from cthulhu.ax_object import AXObject
 from cthulhu.ax_value import AXValue
 from cthulhu.ax_text import AXText
@@ -85,6 +87,9 @@ class Script(script.Script):
 
     EMBEDDED_OBJECT_CHARACTER = '\ufffc'
     NO_BREAK_SPACE_CHARACTER  = '\u00a0'
+    KEYBOARD_CLIPBOARD_CHECK_DELAY_MS = 100
+    KEYBOARD_CLIPBOARD_MAX_CHECKS = 10
+    KEYBOARD_CLIPBOARD_RELEASE_MAX_AGE_S = 1.0
 
     # generatorCache
     #
@@ -133,6 +138,10 @@ class Script(script.Script):
         self._sayAllContexts = []
         self.grab_ids = []
         self._modifierGrabIds = []
+        self._pendingKeyboardClipboardCommand = None
+        self._pendingKeyboardClipboardRelease = None
+        self._keyboardClipboardCommandGeneration = 0
+        self._sessionType = None
 
         if app:
             Atspi.Accessible.set_cache_mask(
@@ -650,6 +659,394 @@ class Script(script.Script):
         super().deregisterEventListeners()
         self.utilities.disconnectFromClipboard()
 
+    @staticmethod
+    def _normalizeKeyboardCommandKeyName(keyboardEvent):
+        for value in [
+            getattr(keyboardEvent, "keyval_name", ""),
+            getattr(keyboardEvent, "event_string", ""),
+        ]:
+            keyName = (value or "").lower()
+            if not keyName:
+                continue
+
+            if len(keyName) == 1:
+                codePoint = ord(keyName)
+                if 1 <= codePoint <= 26:
+                    return chr(ord("a") + codePoint - 1)
+                return keyName
+
+            if keyName.startswith("0x"):
+                try:
+                    codePoint = int(keyName, 16)
+                except ValueError:
+                    continue
+                if 1 <= codePoint <= 26:
+                    return chr(ord("a") + codePoint - 1)
+
+            return keyName
+
+        return ""
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def _getKeyboardClipboardCommandType(keyboardEvent):
+        keyName = Script._normalizeKeyboardCommandKeyName(keyboardEvent)
+        modifiers = getattr(keyboardEvent, "modifiers", 0)
+        control = bool(modifiers & 1 << Atspi.ModifierType.CONTROL)
+        shift = bool(modifiers & 1 << Atspi.ModifierType.SHIFT)
+        obj = keyboardEvent.get_object()
+
+        if not control:
+            return None
+
+        if keyName == "c":
+            if AXUtilities.is_terminal(obj):
+                return "copy" if shift else None
+            return None if shift else "copy"
+
+        if keyName == "x":
+            return None if shift else "cut"
+
+        return None
+
+    def _rememberKeyboardClipboardCommand(self, commandType, sourceObj):
+        self._keyboardClipboardCommandGeneration += 1
+        capturedSelectionText = self._getKeyboardClipboardSelectionText(sourceObj)
+        expectedContents = self._getKeyboardClipboardExpectedContents(sourceObj)
+        self._pendingKeyboardClipboardCommand = {
+            "generation": self._keyboardClipboardCommandGeneration,
+            "command": commandType,
+            "source": sourceObj,
+            "clipboard": self.utilities.getClipboardContents(),
+            "capturedSelectionText": capturedSelectionText,
+            "expectedContents": expectedContents,
+            "callbackSeen": False,
+            "presented": False,
+            "checksRemaining": self.KEYBOARD_CLIPBOARD_MAX_CHECKS,
+            "scheduled": False,
+        }
+        tokens = ["DEFAULT: Tracking keyboard clipboard command", commandType, "from", sourceObj]
+        debug.printTokens(debug.LEVEL_INFO, tokens, True)
+        tokens = [
+            "DEFAULT: Captured keyboard clipboard expectations",
+            self._describeClipboardContents(expectedContents),
+        ]
+        debug.printTokens(debug.LEVEL_INFO, tokens, True)
+
+    def _getKeyboardClipboardExpectedContents(self, sourceObj):
+        expectedContents = []
+
+        for getter in [self.utilities.allSelectedText, self.utilities.selectedText]:
+            try:
+                result = getter(sourceObj)
+            except Exception:
+                continue
+
+            if not isinstance(result, tuple) or not result:
+                continue
+
+            string = result[0]
+            if string and string not in expectedContents:
+                expectedContents.append(string)
+
+        try:
+            name = AXObject.get_name(sourceObj)
+        except Exception:
+            name = ""
+
+        if name and name not in expectedContents:
+            expectedContents.append(name)
+
+        return expectedContents
+
+    def _getKeyboardClipboardSelectionText(self, sourceObj):
+        for getter in [self.utilities.allSelectedText, self.utilities.selectedText]:
+            try:
+                result = getter(sourceObj)
+            except Exception:
+                continue
+
+            if not isinstance(result, tuple) or not result:
+                continue
+
+            string = result[0]
+            if string:
+                return string
+
+        return ""
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def _clipboardContentsMatchExpectedContents(currentContents, expectedContents):
+        if not currentContents:
+            return False
+
+        for string in expectedContents or []:
+            if string and string in currentContents:
+                return True
+
+        return False
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def _describeClipboardContents(contents):
+        if isinstance(contents, (list, tuple)):
+            return [Script._describeClipboardContents(item) for item in contents]
+
+        if contents is None:
+            return {"len": 0, "text": ""}
+
+        string = str(contents)
+        if len(string) > 80:
+            string = f"{string[:77]}..."
+        string = string.replace("\n", "\\n")
+        return {"len": len(str(contents)), "text": string}
+
+    def _clipboardMatchesPendingKeyboardCommand(self, pending, currentContents):
+        if self._clipboardContentsMatchExpectedContents(
+            currentContents, pending.get("expectedContents")
+        ):
+            tokens = ["DEFAULT: Keyboard clipboard fallback matched captured contents for",
+                      pending.get("source")]
+            debug.printTokens(debug.LEVEL_INFO, tokens, True)
+            return True
+
+        sourceObj = pending.get("source")
+        if bool(currentContents) and self.utilities.objectContentsAreInClipboard(sourceObj):
+            return True
+
+        if sourceObj and self.utilities.isInActiveApp(sourceObj) \
+           and bool(currentContents) and self.utilities.objectContentsAreInClipboard():
+            tokens = ["DEFAULT: Keyboard clipboard fallback matched locusOfFocus after source",
+                      "mismatch", sourceObj, cthulhu_state.locusOfFocus]
+            debug.printTokens(debug.LEVEL_INFO, tokens, True)
+            return True
+
+        return False
+
+    def _schedulePendingKeyboardClipboardCheck(self):
+        pending = self._pendingKeyboardClipboardCommand
+        if not pending or pending.get("scheduled"):
+            return
+
+        pending["scheduled"] = True
+        GLib.timeout_add(
+            self.KEYBOARD_CLIPBOARD_CHECK_DELAY_MS,
+            self._checkPendingKeyboardClipboardCommand,
+            pending["generation"],
+        )
+
+    def _scheduleImmediateKeyboardClipboardPresentation(self):
+        pending = self._pendingKeyboardClipboardCommand
+        if not pending or pending.get("immediateScheduled") or pending.get("presented"):
+            return
+
+        pending["immediateScheduled"] = True
+        GLib.idle_add(
+            self._presentPendingKeyboardClipboardCommandIdle,
+            pending["generation"],
+        )
+
+    def _getSessionType(self):
+        sessionType = getattr(self, "_sessionType", None)
+        if sessionType is None:
+            sessionType = wnck_support.get_session_type()
+            self._sessionType = sessionType
+        return sessionType
+
+    def _shouldUseImmediateKeyboardClipboardPolicy(self, pending):
+        if not pending or self._getSessionType() != "wayland":
+            return False
+
+        if pending.get("command") not in ["copy", "cut"]:
+            return False
+
+        if not pending.get("capturedSelectionText") and not pending.get("expectedContents"):
+            return False
+
+        if pending.get("command") == "cut":
+            sourceObj = pending.get("source")
+            if AXUtilities.is_editable(sourceObj):
+                return False
+
+        return True
+
+    def _rememberKeyboardClipboardRelease(self, commandType):
+        self._pendingKeyboardClipboardRelease = {
+            "command": commandType,
+            "time": time.time(),
+        }
+
+    def _consumePendingKeyboardClipboardRelease(self, commandType):
+        pending = getattr(self, "_pendingKeyboardClipboardRelease", None)
+        self._pendingKeyboardClipboardRelease = None
+        if not pending or pending.get("command") != commandType:
+            return False
+
+        return time.time() - pending.get("time", 0.0) <= self.KEYBOARD_CLIPBOARD_RELEASE_MAX_AGE_S
+
+    def _presentPendingKeyboardClipboardCommand(self, pending, reason):
+        sourceObj = pending.get("source")
+        if pending.get("command") == "cut":
+            if AXUtilities.is_editable(sourceObj):
+                pending["scheduled"] = False
+                pending["immediateScheduled"] = False
+                self._pendingKeyboardClipboardCommand = None
+                return
+            self.presentMessage(messages.CLIPBOARD_CUT_FULL, messages.CLIPBOARD_CUT_BRIEF)
+        else:
+            self.presentMessage(messages.CLIPBOARD_COPIED_FULL, messages.CLIPBOARD_COPIED_BRIEF)
+
+        tokens = ["DEFAULT: Presented keyboard clipboard", reason, "for", pending.get("command")]
+        debug.printTokens(debug.LEVEL_INFO, tokens, True)
+        pending["scheduled"] = False
+        pending["immediateScheduled"] = False
+        pending["presented"] = True
+
+    def _presentPendingKeyboardClipboardCommandIdle(self, generation):
+        pending = self._pendingKeyboardClipboardCommand
+        if not pending or pending.get("generation") != generation:
+            return False
+
+        if pending.get("presented"):
+            pending["immediateScheduled"] = False
+            return False
+
+        self._presentPendingKeyboardClipboardCommand(pending, "immediately")
+        return False
+
+    def _checkPendingKeyboardClipboardCommand(self, generation):
+        pending = self._pendingKeyboardClipboardCommand
+        if not pending or pending.get("generation") != generation:
+            return False
+
+        if pending.get("presented"):
+            pending["scheduled"] = False
+            self._pendingKeyboardClipboardCommand = None
+            return False
+
+        pending["checksRemaining"] = max(pending.get("checksRemaining", 1) - 1, 0)
+        currentContents = self.utilities.getClipboardContents()
+        sourceObj = pending.get("source")
+        tokens = [
+            "DEFAULT: Keyboard clipboard retry snapshot",
+            {
+                "command": pending.get("command"),
+                "source": sourceObj,
+                "clipboard": self._describeClipboardContents(currentContents),
+                "expected": self._describeClipboardContents(pending.get("expectedContents")),
+                "checksRemaining": pending.get("checksRemaining"),
+            },
+        ]
+        debug.printTokens(debug.LEVEL_INFO, tokens, True)
+        clipboardMatchesSource = self._clipboardMatchesPendingKeyboardCommand(
+            pending, currentContents
+        )
+        selectionFallback = False
+        if not clipboardMatchesSource:
+            selectionFallback = self._shouldPresentKeyboardClipboardSelectionFallback(
+                pending, currentContents
+            )
+            if selectionFallback:
+                msg = "DEFAULT: Keyboard clipboard fallback matched captured selection without clipboard access"
+                debug.printMessage(debug.LEVEL_INFO, msg, True)
+                clipboardMatchesSource = True
+
+        if not clipboardMatchesSource:
+            if pending.get("checksRemaining", 0):
+                tokens = ["DEFAULT: Keyboard clipboard fallback retrying", pending.get("command"),
+                          "for", sourceObj, "checks remaining", pending.get("checksRemaining")]
+                debug.printTokens(debug.LEVEL_INFO, tokens, True)
+                return True
+
+            tokens = ["DEFAULT: Keyboard clipboard fallback did not match", sourceObj]
+            debug.printTokens(debug.LEVEL_INFO, tokens, True)
+            pending["scheduled"] = False
+            self._pendingKeyboardClipboardCommand = None
+            return False
+
+        if not selectionFallback and currentContents == pending.get("clipboard"):
+            if pending.get("command") != "copy":
+                msg = "DEFAULT: Keyboard clipboard fallback found no clipboard change"
+                debug.printMessage(debug.LEVEL_INFO, msg, True)
+                pending["scheduled"] = False
+                self._pendingKeyboardClipboardCommand = None
+                return False
+
+            msg = "DEFAULT: Keyboard clipboard fallback matched unchanged clipboard for copy"
+            debug.printMessage(debug.LEVEL_INFO, msg, True)
+
+        if pending.get("command") == "cut":
+            if AXUtilities.is_editable(sourceObj):
+                pending["scheduled"] = False
+                self._pendingKeyboardClipboardCommand = None
+                return False
+        self._presentPendingKeyboardClipboardCommand(pending, "fallback")
+        return False
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def _shouldPresentKeyboardClipboardSelectionFallback(pending, currentContents):
+        if pending.get("command") != "copy":
+            return False
+
+        if currentContents:
+            return False
+
+        return bool(pending.get("capturedSelectionText"))
+
+    def updateKeyboardEventState(self, keyboardEvent, handler):
+        super().updateKeyboardEventState(keyboardEvent, handler)
+
+        commandType = self._getKeyboardClipboardCommandType(keyboardEvent)
+        if not commandType:
+            return
+
+        if keyboardEvent.is_pressed_key():
+            self._rememberKeyboardClipboardCommand(commandType, keyboardEvent.get_object())
+            pending = self._pendingKeyboardClipboardCommand
+            if self._shouldUseImmediateKeyboardClipboardPolicy(pending):
+                self._consumePendingKeyboardClipboardRelease(commandType)
+                msg = "DEFAULT: Scheduling keyboard clipboard immediate presentation on press"
+                debug.printMessage(debug.LEVEL_INFO, msg, True)
+                self._scheduleImmediateKeyboardClipboardPresentation()
+                return
+
+            if self._consumePendingKeyboardClipboardRelease(commandType):
+                if self._shouldUseImmediateKeyboardClipboardPolicy(pending):
+                    msg = "DEFAULT: Scheduling keyboard clipboard immediate presentation after out-of-order release"
+                    debug.printMessage(debug.LEVEL_INFO, msg, True)
+                    self._scheduleImmediateKeyboardClipboardPresentation()
+                else:
+                    msg = "DEFAULT: Scheduling keyboard clipboard fallback after out-of-order release"
+                    debug.printMessage(debug.LEVEL_INFO, msg, True)
+                    self._schedulePendingKeyboardClipboardCheck()
+            return
+
+        pending = self._pendingKeyboardClipboardCommand
+        if self._getSessionType() == "wayland":
+            if pending is None:
+                return
+
+            if pending.get("command") == commandType and pending.get("immediateScheduled"):
+                msg = "DEFAULT: Ignoring keyboard clipboard release while immediate presentation is pending"
+                debug.printMessage(debug.LEVEL_INFO, msg, True)
+                return
+
+            if pending.get("command") == commandType and pending.get("presented"):
+                msg = "DEFAULT: Ignoring keyboard clipboard release after immediate presentation"
+                debug.printMessage(debug.LEVEL_INFO, msg, True)
+                self._pendingKeyboardClipboardCommand = None
+                return
+
+        if not pending or pending.get("command") != commandType:
+            self._rememberKeyboardClipboardRelease(commandType)
+            return
+
+        if self._shouldUseImmediateKeyboardClipboardPolicy(pending):
+            msg = "DEFAULT: Scheduling keyboard clipboard immediate presentation"
+            debug.printMessage(debug.LEVEL_INFO, msg, True)
+            self._scheduleImmediateKeyboardClipboardPresentation()
+            return
+
+        self._schedulePendingKeyboardClipboardCheck()
+
     def _saveFocusedObjectInfo(self, obj):
         """Saves some basic information about obj. Note that this method is
         intended to be called primarily (if not only) by locus_of_focus_changed().
@@ -1048,10 +1445,9 @@ class Script(script.Script):
 
         if caretOffset >= 0:
             self.utilities.adjustTextSelection(obj, caretOffset)
-            selections = AXText.get_selected_ranges(obj)
-            if selections:
-                startOffset, endOffset = selections[0]
-                self.utilities.setClipboardText(AXText.get_substring(obj, startOffset, endOffset))
+            selectedText, startOffset, endOffset = self.utilities.allSelectedText(obj)
+            if selectedText:
+                self.utilities.setClipboardText(selectedText)
 
         return True
 
@@ -1367,7 +1763,7 @@ class Script(script.Script):
             return
 
         self._saveLastCursorPosition(event.source, caretOffset)
-        if AXText.get_selected_ranges(event.source):
+        if self.utilities.allTextSelections(event.source):
             msg = "DEFAULT: Event source has text selections"
             debug.printMessage(debug.LEVEL_INFO, msg, True)
             self.utilities.handleTextSelectionChange(event.source)
@@ -2013,10 +2409,30 @@ class Script(script.Script):
         cthulhu.cthulhuApp.scriptManager.set_active_script(None, "focus: window-deactivated")
 
     def onClipboardContentsChanged(self, *args):
+        pending = self._pendingKeyboardClipboardCommand
+        currentContents = self.utilities.getClipboardContents()
+        tokens = [
+            "DEFAULT: Clipboard callback snapshot",
+            self._describeClipboardContents(currentContents),
+        ]
+        debug.printTokens(debug.LEVEL_INFO, tokens, True)
+        if pending is not None:
+            pending["callbackSeen"] = True
+            if pending.get("presented"):
+                self._pendingKeyboardClipboardCommand = None
+                return
+
         if self.flatReviewPresenter.is_active():
             return
 
-        if not self.utilities.objectContentsAreInClipboard():
+        if pending is not None:
+            clipboardMatchesSource = self._clipboardMatchesPendingKeyboardCommand(
+                pending, currentContents
+            )
+        else:
+            clipboardMatchesSource = False
+
+        if not clipboardMatchesSource and not self.utilities.objectContentsAreInClipboard():
             return
 
         if not self.utilities.topLevelObjectIsActiveAndCurrent():
@@ -2024,6 +2440,8 @@ class Script(script.Script):
 
         if self.utilities.lastInputEventWasCopy():
             self.presentMessage(messages.CLIPBOARD_COPIED_FULL, messages.CLIPBOARD_COPIED_BRIEF)
+            if self._pendingKeyboardClipboardCommand is pending:
+                self._pendingKeyboardClipboardCommand = None
             return
 
         if not self.utilities.lastInputEventWasCut():
@@ -2033,6 +2451,8 @@ class Script(script.Script):
             return
 
         self.presentMessage(messages.CLIPBOARD_CUT_FULL, messages.CLIPBOARD_CUT_BRIEF)
+        if self._pendingKeyboardClipboardCommand is pending:
+            self._pendingKeyboardClipboardCommand = None
 
     ########################################################################
     #                                                                      #
@@ -2162,9 +2582,8 @@ class Script(script.Script):
 
         # If there is a selection, clear it. See bug #489504 for more details.
         #
-        if AXText.get_selected_ranges(context.obj):
-            AXText.set_selected_text(
-                context.obj, context.currentOffset, context.currentOffset)
+        if self.utilities.allTextSelections(context.obj):
+            self.utilities.clearTextSelection(context.obj)
 
     def inSayAll(self, treatInterruptedAsIn=True):
         if self._inSayAll:

src/cthulhu/scripts/web/script.py

@@ -129,6 +129,128 @@ class Script(default.Script):
         self.attributeNamesDict["text-align"] = "justification"
         self.attributeNamesDict["text-indent"] = "indent"
 
+    @staticmethod
+    def _selectionContentKey(content):
+        obj, start, end, string = content
+        return hash(obj), start, end, string
+
+    def _clearSyntheticWebSelection(self):
+        pointOfReference = getattr(self, "pointOfReference", None)
+        if isinstance(pointOfReference, dict):
+            pointOfReference.pop("syntheticWebSelection", None)
+
+    def _compareCaretContexts(self, firstObj, firstOffset, secondObj, secondOffset):
+        if firstObj == secondObj:
+            if firstOffset < secondOffset:
+                return -1
+            if firstOffset > secondOffset:
+                return 1
+            return 0
+
+        return self.utilities.pathComparison(AXObject.get_path(firstObj), AXObject.get_path(secondObj))
+
+    def _getContentsBetweenCaretContexts(self, startObj, startOffset, endObj, endOffset):
+        contents = []
+        currentObj, currentOffset = startObj, startOffset
+        seen = set()
+
+        while currentObj and (currentObj, currentOffset) != (endObj, endOffset):
+            key = (hash(currentObj), currentOffset)
+            if key in seen:
+                break
+            seen.add(key)
+
+            contents.extend(self.utilities.getCharacterContentsAtOffset(currentObj, currentOffset))
+            currentObj, currentOffset = self.utilities.nextContext(currentObj, currentOffset)
+
+        return contents
+
+    def _presentSyntheticCaretSelection(
+        self,
+        event,
+        document,
+        obj,
+        offset,
+        focusOverride=None,
+    ):
+        if not self.utilities.lastInputEventWasCaretNavWithSelection():
+            return False
+
+        if focusOverride is not None:
+            focusObj, focusOffset = focusOverride
+        else:
+            manager = input_event_manager.get_manager()
+            if manager.last_event_was_forward_caret_selection():
+                focusObj, focusOffset = self.utilities.nextContext(obj, offset)
+            elif manager.last_event_was_backward_caret_selection():
+                focusObj, focusOffset = self.utilities.previousContext(obj, offset)
+            else:
+                return False
+
+        if not focusObj:
+            return False
+
+        selectionState = self.pointOfReference.get("syntheticWebSelection", {})
+        if selectionState.get("document") == document:
+            anchorObj = selectionState.get("anchorObj", obj)
+            anchorOffset = selectionState.get("anchorOffset", offset)
+            oldContents = selectionState.get("contents", [])
+        else:
+            anchorObj, anchorOffset = obj, offset
+            oldContents = []
+
+        if self._compareCaretContexts(anchorObj, anchorOffset, focusObj, focusOffset) <= 0:
+            startObj, startOffset = anchorObj, anchorOffset
+            endObj, endOffset = focusObj, focusOffset
+        else:
+            startObj, startOffset = focusObj, focusOffset
+            endObj, endOffset = anchorObj, anchorOffset
+
+        newContents = self._getContentsBetweenCaretContexts(startObj, startOffset, endObj, endOffset)
+        self.utilities.setCaretContext(focusObj, focusOffset, document)
+        cthulhu.setLocusOfFocus(event, focusObj, False, True)
+        self.updateBraille(focusObj)
+
+        if not newContents:
+            self._clearSyntheticWebSelection()
+            if oldContents:
+                self.speakContents(oldContents)
+                self.speakMessage(messages.TEXT_UNSELECTED, interrupt=False)
+            return True
+
+        self.pointOfReference["syntheticWebSelection"] = {
+            "document": document,
+            "anchorObj": anchorObj,
+            "anchorOffset": anchorOffset,
+            "focusObj": focusObj,
+            "focusOffset": focusOffset,
+            "contents": newContents,
+            "string": "".join(item[3] for item in newContents),
+        }
+
+        oldKeys = [self._selectionContentKey(item) for item in oldContents]
+        newKeys = [self._selectionContentKey(item) for item in newContents]
+        deltaContents = newContents
+        message = messages.TEXT_SELECTED
+
+        if oldContents:
+            if len(newKeys) >= len(oldKeys) and newKeys[:len(oldKeys)] == oldKeys:
+                deltaContents = newContents[len(oldContents):]
+            elif len(newKeys) >= len(oldKeys) and newKeys[-len(oldKeys):] == oldKeys:
+                deltaContents = newContents[:-len(oldContents)]
+            elif len(oldKeys) >= len(newKeys) and oldKeys[:len(newKeys)] == newKeys:
+                deltaContents = oldContents[len(newContents):]
+                message = messages.TEXT_UNSELECTED
+            elif len(oldKeys) >= len(newKeys) and oldKeys[-len(newKeys):] == newKeys:
+                deltaContents = oldContents[:-len(newContents)]
+                message = messages.TEXT_UNSELECTED
+
+        if deltaContents:
+            self.speakContents(deltaContents)
+            self.speakMessage(message, interrupt=False)
+
+        return True
+
     def activate(self):
         """Called when this script is activated."""
 
@@ -600,6 +722,7 @@ class Script(default.Script):
         # won't know to dump the generator cache. See bgo#618827.
         self.generatorCache = {}
         self._lastMouseButtonContext = None, -1
+        super().updateKeyboardEventState(keyboardEvent, handler)
 
     def shouldConsumeKeyboardEvent(self, keyboardEvent, handler):
         """Returns True if the script will consume this keyboard event."""
@@ -770,7 +893,7 @@ class Script(default.Script):
         """Updates the context and presents the find results if appropriate."""
 
         text = self.utilities.queryNonEmptyText(obj)
-        selections = AXText.get_selected_ranges(obj) if text else []
+        selections = self.utilities.allTextSelections(obj) if text else []
         if not selections:
             return
 
@@ -1961,6 +2084,14 @@ class Script(default.Script):
         tokens = ["WEB: Context: ", obj, ", ", offset, "(focus: ", cthulhu_state.locusOfFocus, ")"]
         debug.printTokens(debug.LEVEL_INFO, tokens, True)
 
+        if self.utilities.lastInputEventWasCaretNavWithSelection() and event.detail1 < 0:
+            if self._presentSyntheticCaretSelection(event, document, obj, offset):
+                msg = "WEB: Event handled: synthetic caret selection"
+                debug.printMessage(debug.LEVEL_INFO, msg, True)
+                return True
+        else:
+            self._clearSyntheticWebSelection()
+
         if self._lastCommandWasCaretNav:
             msg = "WEB: Event ignored: Last command was caret nav"
             debug.printMessage(debug.LEVEL_INFO, msg, True)
@@ -2853,6 +2984,8 @@ class Script(default.Script):
     def onTextSelectionChanged(self, event):
         """Callback for object:text-selection-changed accessibility events."""
 
+        self._clearSyntheticWebSelection()
+
         if self.utilities.isZombie(event.source):
             msg = "WEB: Event source is Zombie"
             debug.printMessage(debug.LEVEL_INFO, msg, True)
@@ -2895,6 +3028,22 @@ class Script(default.Script):
             debug.printMessage(debug.LEVEL_INFO, msg, True)
             return True
 
+        if self.utilities.lastInputEventWasCaretNavWithSelection() \
+           and not AXText.get_selected_ranges(event.source):
+            document = self.utilities.getTopLevelDocumentForObject(event.source)
+            obj, offset = self.utilities.getCaretContext(document, False, False)
+            focusOffset = AXText.get_caret_offset(event.source)
+            if self._presentSyntheticCaretSelection(
+                event,
+                document,
+                obj,
+                offset,
+                focusOverride=(event.source, focusOffset),
+            ):
+                msg = "WEB: Event handled: synthetic selection from event source"
+                debug.printMessage(debug.LEVEL_INFO, msg, True)
+                return True
+
         if AXUtilities.is_text_input(event.source) \
            and AXUtilities.is_focused(event.source) \
            and event.source != cthulhu_state.locusOfFocus:
@@ -2930,6 +3079,7 @@ class Script(default.Script):
 
         msg = "WEB: Clearing command state"
         debug.printMessage(debug.LEVEL_INFO, msg, True)
+        self._clearSyntheticWebSelection()
         self._lastCommandWasCaretNav = False
         self._lastCommandWasStructNav = False
         self._lastCommandWasMouseButton = False

src/cthulhu/scripts/web/script_utilities.py

@@ -721,6 +721,34 @@ class Utilities(script_utilities.Utilities):
 
         return prevobj, prevoffset
 
+    def getSyntheticSelection(self, obj=None):
+        obj = obj or cthulhu_state.locusOfFocus
+        state = self._script.pointOfReference.get("syntheticWebSelection")
+        if not state or not state.get("string"):
+            return None
+
+        if obj and self.inDocumentContent(obj):
+            document = self.getTopLevelDocumentForObject(obj)
+            if document != state.get("document"):
+                return None
+
+        return state
+
+    def allSelectedText(self, obj):
+        result = super().allSelectedText(obj)
+        if result[0] or not self.inDocumentContent(obj):
+            return result
+
+        state = self.getSyntheticSelection(obj)
+        if not state:
+            return result
+
+        string = state.get("string", "")
+        if not string:
+            return result
+
+        return [string, 0, len(string)]
+
     def lastContext(self, root):
         offset = 0
         text = self.queryNonEmptyText(root)
@@ -2164,30 +2192,28 @@ class Utilities(script_utilities.Utilities):
         if not self.inDocumentContent(obj):
             return super().handleTextSelectionChange(obj)
 
-        oldStart, oldEnd = \
-            self._script.pointOfReference.get('selectionAnchorAndFocus', (None, None))
-        start, end = self._getSelectionAnchorAndFocus(obj)
-        self._script.pointOfReference['selectionAnchorAndFocus'] = (start, end)
+        adapter = self._getSelectionAdapter()
+        oldSnapshot = adapter.get_cached_snapshot(obj)
+        newSnapshot = adapter.refresh_snapshot(obj)
 
         def _cmp(obj1, obj2):
             return self.pathComparison(AXObject.get_path(obj1), AXObject.get_path(obj2))
 
-        oldSubtree = self._getSubtree(oldStart, oldEnd)
-        if start == oldStart and end == oldEnd:
-            descendants = oldSubtree
-        else:
-            newSubtree = self._getSubtree(start, end)
-            descendants = sorted(set(oldSubtree).union(newSubtree), key=functools.cmp_to_key(_cmp))
+        descendants = []
+        seen = set()
+        for descendant in adapter.get_selected_objects(oldSnapshot) + adapter.get_selected_objects(newSnapshot):
+            if hash(descendant) in seen:
+                continue
+            seen.add(hash(descendant))
+            descendants.append(descendant)
+
+        descendants.sort(key=functools.cmp_to_key(_cmp))
 
         if not descendants:
-            return False
+            return super().handleTextSelectionChange(obj, speakMessage)
 
         for descendant in descendants:
-            if descendant not in (oldStart, oldEnd, start, end) \
-               and AXObject.find_ancestor(descendant, lambda x: x in descendants):
-                super().updateCachedTextSelection(descendant)
-            else:
-                super().handleTextSelectionChange(descendant, speakMessage)
+            super().handleTextSelectionChange(descendant, speakMessage)
 
         return True
 

src/cthulhu/speech_generator.py

@@ -1673,7 +1673,7 @@ class SpeechGenerator(generator.Generator):
 
         result = []
         if AXObject.supports_text(obj):
-            selections = AXText.get_selected_ranges(obj)
+            selections = self._script.utilities.allTextSelections(obj)
             if len(selections) == 1:
                 startOffset, endOffset = selections[0]
                 if startOffset == 0 and endOffset >= AXText.get_character_count(obj):

tests/test_default_script_clipboard_regressions.py

@@ -0,0 +1,472 @@
+import sys
+import unittest
+from pathlib import Path
+from unittest import mock
+
+import gi
+
+gi.require_version("Atspi", "2.0")
+
+sys.path.insert(0, str(Path(__file__).resolve().parents[1] / "src"))
+
+from gi.repository import Atspi
+
+from cthulhu import messages
+from cthulhu.scripts import default
+
+
+CONTROL_MASK = 1 << Atspi.ModifierType.CONTROL
+
+
+class FakeKeyboardEvent:
+    def __init__(self, pressed, keyval_name, modifiers, obj, event_string=None):
+        self._pressed = pressed
+        self.keyval_name = keyval_name
+        self.modifiers = modifiers
+        self._obj = obj
+        self.event_string = keyval_name if event_string is None else event_string
+
+    def get_object(self):
+        return self._obj
+
+    def is_pressed_key(self):
+        return self._pressed
+
+
+def run_repeating_timeout(_delay, callback, generation, max_checks=10):
+    for _ in range(max_checks):
+        if not callback(generation):
+            break
+
+
+class DefaultScriptClipboardRegressionTests(unittest.TestCase):
+    def _make_script(self):
+        script = object.__new__(default.Script)
+        script.utilities = mock.Mock()
+        script.presentMessage = mock.Mock()
+        script.flatReviewPresenter = mock.Mock()
+        script.flatReviewPresenter.is_active.return_value = False
+        script._pendingKeyboardClipboardCommand = None
+        script._pendingKeyboardClipboardRelease = None
+        script._keyboardClipboardCommandGeneration = 0
+        script._sessionType = "x11"
+        return script
+
+    @mock.patch("cthulhu.scripts.default.AXUtilities.is_terminal", return_value=False)
+    @mock.patch(
+        "cthulhu.scripts.default.GLib.timeout_add",
+        side_effect=lambda _delay, callback, generation: callback(generation),
+    )
+    def test_keyboard_copy_fallback_presents_message_when_callback_never_arrives(
+        self,
+        _timeout_add,
+        _is_terminal,
+    ):
+        script = self._make_script()
+        source = object()
+        script.utilities.getClipboardContents.side_effect = ["before", "copied text"]
+        script.utilities.objectContentsAreInClipboard.return_value = True
+
+        script.updateKeyboardEventState(FakeKeyboardEvent(True, "c", CONTROL_MASK, source), None)
+        script.updateKeyboardEventState(FakeKeyboardEvent(False, "c", CONTROL_MASK, source), None)
+
+        script.utilities.objectContentsAreInClipboard.assert_called_once_with(source)
+        script.presentMessage.assert_called_once_with(
+            messages.CLIPBOARD_COPIED_FULL,
+            messages.CLIPBOARD_COPIED_BRIEF,
+        )
+
+    @mock.patch("cthulhu.scripts.default.AXUtilities.is_terminal", return_value=False)
+    @mock.patch(
+        "cthulhu.scripts.default.GLib.timeout_add",
+        side_effect=run_repeating_timeout,
+    )
+    def test_keyboard_copy_fallback_uses_captured_selection_when_clipboard_stays_empty(
+        self,
+        _timeout_add,
+        _is_terminal,
+    ):
+        script = self._make_script()
+        source = object()
+        script.utilities.getClipboardContents.side_effect = ["before"] + [""] * 10
+        script.utilities.allSelectedText.return_value = ("The quick brown", 0, 15)
+        script.utilities.selectedText.return_value = ("The quick brown", 0, 15)
+        script.utilities.objectContentsAreInClipboard.return_value = False
+        script.utilities.isInActiveApp.return_value = False
+
+        script.updateKeyboardEventState(FakeKeyboardEvent(True, "c", CONTROL_MASK, source), None)
+        script.updateKeyboardEventState(FakeKeyboardEvent(False, "c", CONTROL_MASK, source), None)
+
+        script.presentMessage.assert_called_once_with(
+            messages.CLIPBOARD_COPIED_FULL,
+            messages.CLIPBOARD_COPIED_BRIEF,
+        )
+
+    @mock.patch("cthulhu.scripts.default.AXUtilities.is_terminal", return_value=False)
+    @mock.patch(
+        "cthulhu.scripts.default.GLib.timeout_add",
+        side_effect=lambda _delay, callback, generation: callback(generation),
+    )
+    def test_keyboard_copy_fallback_handles_release_before_press_order(
+        self,
+        _timeout_add,
+        _is_terminal,
+    ):
+        script = self._make_script()
+        source = object()
+        script.utilities.getClipboardContents.side_effect = ["before", ""]
+        script.utilities.allSelectedText.return_value = ("3086180", 0, 7)
+        script.utilities.selectedText.return_value = ("3086180", 0, 7)
+        script.utilities.objectContentsAreInClipboard.return_value = False
+        script.utilities.isInActiveApp.return_value = False
+
+        script.updateKeyboardEventState(
+            FakeKeyboardEvent(False, "0x3", CONTROL_MASK, source, "\x03"),
+            None,
+        )
+        script.updateKeyboardEventState(
+            FakeKeyboardEvent(True, "0x3", CONTROL_MASK, source, "\x03"),
+            None,
+        )
+
+        script.presentMessage.assert_called_once_with(
+            messages.CLIPBOARD_COPIED_FULL,
+            messages.CLIPBOARD_COPIED_BRIEF,
+        )
+
+    @mock.patch("cthulhu.scripts.default.AXUtilities.is_terminal", return_value=False)
+    @mock.patch("cthulhu.scripts.default.GLib.idle_add")
+    @mock.patch("cthulhu.scripts.default.GLib.timeout_add")
+    def test_wayland_keyboard_copy_is_presented_immediately(
+        self,
+        timeout_add,
+        idle_add,
+        _is_terminal,
+    ):
+        script = self._make_script()
+        script._sessionType = "wayland"
+        source = object()
+        script.utilities.getClipboardContents.return_value = ""
+        script.utilities.allSelectedText.return_value = ("The quick brown", 0, 15)
+        script.utilities.selectedText.return_value = ("The quick brown", 0, 15)
+        script.utilities.objectContentsAreInClipboard.return_value = False
+        script.utilities.isInActiveApp.return_value = False
+
+        script.updateKeyboardEventState(FakeKeyboardEvent(True, "c", CONTROL_MASK, source), None)
+
+        timeout_add.assert_not_called()
+        idle_add.assert_called_once()
+        script.presentMessage.assert_not_called()
+
+        callback, generation = idle_add.call_args.args
+        callback(generation)
+        script.presentMessage.assert_called_once_with(
+            messages.CLIPBOARD_COPIED_FULL,
+            messages.CLIPBOARD_COPIED_BRIEF,
+        )
+
+        script.updateKeyboardEventState(FakeKeyboardEvent(False, "c", CONTROL_MASK, source), None)
+        script.presentMessage.assert_called_once_with(
+            messages.CLIPBOARD_COPIED_FULL,
+            messages.CLIPBOARD_COPIED_BRIEF,
+        )
+
+    @mock.patch("cthulhu.scripts.default.AXUtilities.is_terminal", return_value=False)
+    @mock.patch("cthulhu.scripts.default.GLib.idle_add")
+    @mock.patch("cthulhu.scripts.default.GLib.timeout_add")
+    def test_wayland_keyboard_copy_handles_release_before_press_order_immediately(
+        self,
+        timeout_add,
+        idle_add,
+        _is_terminal,
+    ):
+        script = self._make_script()
+        script._sessionType = "wayland"
+        source = object()
+        script.utilities.getClipboardContents.return_value = ""
+        script.utilities.allSelectedText.return_value = ("3086180", 0, 7)
+        script.utilities.selectedText.return_value = ("3086180", 0, 7)
+        script.utilities.objectContentsAreInClipboard.return_value = False
+        script.utilities.isInActiveApp.return_value = False
+
+        script.updateKeyboardEventState(
+            FakeKeyboardEvent(False, "0x3", CONTROL_MASK, source, "\x03"),
+            None,
+        )
+        script.updateKeyboardEventState(
+            FakeKeyboardEvent(True, "0x3", CONTROL_MASK, source, "\x03"),
+            None,
+        )
+
+        timeout_add.assert_not_called()
+        idle_add.assert_called_once()
+        script.presentMessage.assert_not_called()
+
+        callback, generation = idle_add.call_args.args
+        callback(generation)
+        script.presentMessage.assert_called_once_with(
+            messages.CLIPBOARD_COPIED_FULL,
+            messages.CLIPBOARD_COPIED_BRIEF,
+        )
+
+    @mock.patch("cthulhu.scripts.default.AXUtilities.is_terminal", return_value=False)
+    @mock.patch(
+        "cthulhu.scripts.default.GLib.timeout_add",
+        side_effect=lambda _delay, callback, generation: callback(generation),
+    )
+    def test_keyboard_copy_fallback_recognizes_control_character_key_name(
+        self,
+        _timeout_add,
+        _is_terminal,
+    ):
+        script = self._make_script()
+        source = object()
+        script.utilities.getClipboardContents.side_effect = ["before", "copied text"]
+        script.utilities.objectContentsAreInClipboard.return_value = True
+
+        script.updateKeyboardEventState(
+            FakeKeyboardEvent(True, "0x3", CONTROL_MASK, source, "\x03"),
+            None,
+        )
+        script.updateKeyboardEventState(
+            FakeKeyboardEvent(False, "0x3", CONTROL_MASK, source, "\x03"),
+            None,
+        )
+
+        script.utilities.objectContentsAreInClipboard.assert_called_once_with(source)
+        script.presentMessage.assert_called_once_with(
+            messages.CLIPBOARD_COPIED_FULL,
+            messages.CLIPBOARD_COPIED_BRIEF,
+        )
+
+    @mock.patch("cthulhu.scripts.default.AXUtilities.is_terminal", return_value=False)
+    @mock.patch(
+        "cthulhu.scripts.default.GLib.timeout_add",
+        side_effect=lambda _delay, callback, generation: callback(generation),
+    )
+    def test_keyboard_copy_fallback_uses_captured_source_not_current_focus(
+        self,
+        _timeout_add,
+        _is_terminal,
+    ):
+        script = self._make_script()
+        source = object()
+        script.utilities.getClipboardContents.side_effect = ["before", "copied text"]
+        script.utilities.objectContentsAreInClipboard.return_value = True
+
+        script.updateKeyboardEventState(FakeKeyboardEvent(True, "c", CONTROL_MASK, source), None)
+        script.updateKeyboardEventState(FakeKeyboardEvent(False, "c", CONTROL_MASK, object()), None)
+
+        script.utilities.objectContentsAreInClipboard.assert_called_once_with(source)
+
+    @mock.patch("cthulhu.scripts.default.AXUtilities.is_terminal", return_value=False)
+    @mock.patch(
+        "cthulhu.scripts.default.GLib.timeout_add",
+        side_effect=lambda _delay, callback, generation: callback(generation),
+    )
+    def test_keyboard_copy_fallback_stays_silent_if_clipboard_is_unchanged(
+        self,
+        _timeout_add,
+        _is_terminal,
+    ):
+        script = self._make_script()
+        source = object()
+        script.utilities.getClipboardContents.side_effect = ["same text", "same text"]
+        script.utilities.objectContentsAreInClipboard.return_value = False
+        script.utilities.isInActiveApp.return_value = True
+
+        script.updateKeyboardEventState(FakeKeyboardEvent(True, "c", CONTROL_MASK, source), None)
+        script.updateKeyboardEventState(FakeKeyboardEvent(False, "c", CONTROL_MASK, source), None)
+
+        self.assertEqual(
+            script.utilities.objectContentsAreInClipboard.call_args_list,
+            [mock.call(source), mock.call()],
+        )
+        script.presentMessage.assert_not_called()
+
+    @mock.patch("cthulhu.scripts.default.AXUtilities.is_terminal", return_value=False)
+    @mock.patch(
+        "cthulhu.scripts.default.GLib.timeout_add",
+        side_effect=lambda _delay, callback, generation: callback(generation),
+    )
+    def test_keyboard_copy_fallback_presents_when_clipboard_unchanged_but_matches_source(
+        self,
+        _timeout_add,
+        _is_terminal,
+    ):
+        script = self._make_script()
+        source = object()
+        script.utilities.getClipboardContents.side_effect = ["same text", "same text"]
+        script.utilities.objectContentsAreInClipboard.return_value = True
+
+        script.updateKeyboardEventState(FakeKeyboardEvent(True, "c", CONTROL_MASK, source), None)
+        script.updateKeyboardEventState(FakeKeyboardEvent(False, "c", CONTROL_MASK, source), None)
+
+        script.utilities.objectContentsAreInClipboard.assert_called_once_with(source)
+        script.presentMessage.assert_called_once_with(
+            messages.CLIPBOARD_COPIED_FULL,
+            messages.CLIPBOARD_COPIED_BRIEF,
+        )
+
+    @mock.patch("cthulhu.scripts.default.AXUtilities.is_terminal", return_value=False)
+    @mock.patch(
+        "cthulhu.scripts.default.GLib.timeout_add",
+        side_effect=lambda _delay, callback, generation: callback(generation),
+    )
+    def test_keyboard_copy_fallback_uses_current_focus_when_captured_source_no_longer_matches(
+        self,
+        _timeout_add,
+        _is_terminal,
+    ):
+        script = self._make_script()
+        source = object()
+        script.utilities.getClipboardContents.side_effect = ["before", "copied text"]
+        script.utilities.objectContentsAreInClipboard.side_effect = [False, True]
+        script.utilities.isInActiveApp.return_value = True
+
+        script.updateKeyboardEventState(FakeKeyboardEvent(True, "c", CONTROL_MASK, source), None)
+        script.updateKeyboardEventState(FakeKeyboardEvent(False, "c", CONTROL_MASK, source), None)
+
+        self.assertEqual(
+            script.utilities.objectContentsAreInClipboard.call_args_list,
+            [mock.call(source), mock.call()],
+        )
+        script.presentMessage.assert_called_once_with(
+            messages.CLIPBOARD_COPIED_FULL,
+            messages.CLIPBOARD_COPIED_BRIEF,
+        )
+
+    @mock.patch("cthulhu.scripts.default.AXUtilities.is_terminal", return_value=False)
+    @mock.patch(
+        "cthulhu.scripts.default.GLib.timeout_add",
+        side_effect=lambda _delay, callback, generation: callback(generation),
+    )
+    def test_keyboard_copy_fallback_does_not_probe_current_focus_when_source_left_active_app(
+        self,
+        _timeout_add,
+        _is_terminal,
+    ):
+        script = self._make_script()
+        source = object()
+        script.utilities.getClipboardContents.side_effect = ["before", "copied text"]
+        script.utilities.objectContentsAreInClipboard.return_value = False
+        script.utilities.isInActiveApp.return_value = False
+
+        script.updateKeyboardEventState(FakeKeyboardEvent(True, "c", CONTROL_MASK, source), None)
+        script.updateKeyboardEventState(FakeKeyboardEvent(False, "c", CONTROL_MASK, source), None)
+
+        script.utilities.objectContentsAreInClipboard.assert_called_once_with(source)
+        script.presentMessage.assert_not_called()
+
+    @mock.patch("cthulhu.scripts.default.AXUtilities.is_terminal", return_value=False)
+    @mock.patch(
+        "cthulhu.scripts.default.GLib.timeout_add",
+        side_effect=run_repeating_timeout,
+    )
+    def test_keyboard_copy_fallback_retries_until_clipboard_match_appears(
+        self,
+        _timeout_add,
+        _is_terminal,
+    ):
+        script = self._make_script()
+        source = object()
+        script.utilities.getClipboardContents.side_effect = ["before", "before", "copied text"]
+        script.utilities.objectContentsAreInClipboard.side_effect = [False, True]
+        script.utilities.isInActiveApp.return_value = False
+
+        script.updateKeyboardEventState(FakeKeyboardEvent(True, "c", CONTROL_MASK, source), None)
+        script.updateKeyboardEventState(FakeKeyboardEvent(False, "c", CONTROL_MASK, source), None)
+
+        self.assertEqual(
+            script.utilities.objectContentsAreInClipboard.call_args_list,
+            [mock.call(source), mock.call(source)],
+        )
+        script.presentMessage.assert_called_once_with(
+            messages.CLIPBOARD_COPIED_FULL,
+            messages.CLIPBOARD_COPIED_BRIEF,
+        )
+
+    @mock.patch("cthulhu.scripts.default.AXUtilities.is_terminal", return_value=False)
+    @mock.patch(
+        "cthulhu.scripts.default.GLib.timeout_add",
+        side_effect=lambda _delay, callback, generation: callback(generation),
+    )
+    def test_keyboard_copy_fallback_uses_captured_selected_text_when_live_selection_clears(
+        self,
+        _timeout_add,
+        _is_terminal,
+    ):
+        script = self._make_script()
+        source = object()
+        script.utilities.getClipboardContents.side_effect = ["before", "copied text"]
+        script.utilities.allSelectedText.return_value = ("copied text", 0, 11)
+        script.utilities.selectedText.return_value = ("", 0, 0)
+        script.utilities.objectContentsAreInClipboard.return_value = False
+        script.utilities.isInActiveApp.return_value = False
+
+        script.updateKeyboardEventState(FakeKeyboardEvent(True, "c", CONTROL_MASK, source), None)
+        script.updateKeyboardEventState(FakeKeyboardEvent(False, "c", CONTROL_MASK, source), None)
+
+        script.presentMessage.assert_called_once_with(
+            messages.CLIPBOARD_COPIED_FULL,
+            messages.CLIPBOARD_COPIED_BRIEF,
+        )
+
+    @mock.patch("cthulhu.scripts.default.AXUtilities.is_terminal", return_value=False)
+    @mock.patch(
+        "cthulhu.scripts.default.GLib.timeout_add",
+        side_effect=lambda _delay, callback, generation: callback(generation),
+    )
+    def test_clipboard_callback_after_fallback_does_not_duplicate_message(
+        self,
+        _timeout_add,
+        _is_terminal,
+    ):
+        script = self._make_script()
+        source = object()
+        script.utilities.getClipboardContents.side_effect = ["before", "copied text", "copied text"]
+        script.utilities.objectContentsAreInClipboard.return_value = True
+        script.utilities.topLevelObjectIsActiveAndCurrent.return_value = True
+        script.utilities.lastInputEventWasCopy.return_value = True
+
+        script.updateKeyboardEventState(FakeKeyboardEvent(True, "c", CONTROL_MASK, source), None)
+        script.updateKeyboardEventState(FakeKeyboardEvent(False, "c", CONTROL_MASK, source), None)
+        script.onClipboardContentsChanged()
+
+        script.presentMessage.assert_called_once_with(
+            messages.CLIPBOARD_COPIED_FULL,
+            messages.CLIPBOARD_COPIED_BRIEF,
+        )
+
+    @mock.patch("cthulhu.scripts.default.AXUtilities.is_terminal", return_value=False)
+    @mock.patch(
+        "cthulhu.scripts.default.GLib.timeout_add",
+        side_effect=lambda _delay, callback, generation: callback(generation),
+    )
+    def test_clipboard_callback_without_match_does_not_cancel_keyboard_fallback(
+        self,
+        _timeout_add,
+        _is_terminal,
+    ):
+        script = self._make_script()
+        source = object()
+        script.utilities.getClipboardContents.side_effect = ["before", "copied text", "copied text"]
+        script.utilities.objectContentsAreInClipboard.side_effect = [False, False, True]
+        script.utilities.isInActiveApp.return_value = False
+
+        script.updateKeyboardEventState(FakeKeyboardEvent(True, "c", CONTROL_MASK, source), None)
+        script.onClipboardContentsChanged()
+        script.updateKeyboardEventState(FakeKeyboardEvent(False, "c", CONTROL_MASK, source), None)
+
+        self.assertEqual(
+            script.utilities.objectContentsAreInClipboard.call_args_list,
+            [mock.call(source), mock.call(), mock.call(source)],
+        )
+        script.presentMessage.assert_called_once_with(
+            messages.CLIPBOARD_COPIED_FULL,
+            messages.CLIPBOARD_COPIED_BRIEF,
+        )
+
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":
+    unittest.main()

tests/test_document_selection_regressions.py

@@ -0,0 +1,223 @@
+import sys
+import types
+import unittest
+from contextlib import ExitStack
+from pathlib import Path
+from unittest import mock
+
+import gi
+
+gi.require_version("Gdk", "3.0")
+gi.require_version("Gtk", "3.0")
+
+sys.path.insert(0, str(Path(__file__).resolve().parents[1] / "src"))
+
+sys.modules.setdefault(
+    "cthulhu.cthulhu_i18n",
+    types.SimpleNamespace(
+        C_=lambda _context, message: message,
+        _=lambda message: message,
+        ngettext=lambda singular, plural, count: singular if count == 1 else plural,
+    ),
+)
+sys.modules.setdefault(
+    "cthulhu.cthulhu_platform",
+    types.SimpleNamespace(
+        version="test",
+        revision="",
+        tablesdir="",
+        datadir="",
+    ),
+)
+
+from cthulhu.script_utilities import Utilities
+
+
+class FakeDocument:
+    def __init__(self):
+        self.currentSelections = []
+        self.setCalls = []
+
+
+class FakeTextObject:
+    def __init__(self, name, text, document):
+        self.name = name
+        self.text = text
+        self.document = document
+        self.next_obj = None
+        self.prev_obj = None
+        self.caret_offset = 0
+
+    def __repr__(self):
+        return f"<FakeTextObject {self.name}>"
+
+
+class DocumentSelectionRegressionTests(unittest.TestCase):
+    def setUp(self):
+        self.document = FakeDocument()
+        self.first = FakeTextObject("first", "alpha", self.document)
+        self.second = FakeTextObject("second", "beta", self.document)
+        self.first.next_obj = self.second
+        self.second.prev_obj = self.first
+
+        self.script = types.SimpleNamespace(
+            pointOfReference={},
+            sayPhrase=mock.Mock(),
+            speakMessage=mock.Mock(),
+        )
+        self.utility = object.__new__(Utilities)
+        self.utility._script = self.script
+        self.utility._clipboardHandlerId = None
+        self.utility.expandEOCs = lambda obj, start=0, end=-1: obj.text[start:len(obj.text) if end == -1 else end]
+        self.utility.queryNonEmptyText = lambda obj: obj if getattr(obj, "text", "") else None
+        self.utility.findNextObject = lambda obj: getattr(obj, "next_obj", None)
+        self.utility.findPreviousObject = lambda obj: getattr(obj, "prev_obj", None)
+        self.utility.getDocumentForObject = lambda obj: self.document if isinstance(obj, FakeTextObject) else obj if obj is self.document else None
+        self.utility.isSpreadSheetCell = lambda obj: False
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def _make_selection(start_object, start_offset, end_object, end_offset, start_is_active=False):
+        return types.SimpleNamespace(
+            start_object=start_object,
+            start_offset=start_offset,
+            end_object=end_object,
+            end_offset=end_offset,
+            start_is_active=start_is_active,
+        )
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def _new_text_selection():
+        return types.SimpleNamespace(
+            start_object=None,
+            start_offset=0,
+            end_object=None,
+            end_offset=0,
+            start_is_active=False,
+        )
+
+    def _patch_environment(self, local_ranges=None):
+        local_ranges = local_ranges or {}
+        remove_selection = mock.Mock()
+        set_selected_text = mock.Mock()
+
+        def get_selected_ranges(obj):
+            return list(local_ranges.get(obj, []))
+
+        def get_character_count(obj):
+            return len(obj.text)
+
+        def get_caret_offset(obj):
+            return obj.caret_offset
+
+        def get_substring(obj, start, end):
+            if end == -1:
+                end = len(obj.text)
+            return obj.text[start:end]
+
+        def get_text_selections(document):
+            return list(document.currentSelections)
+
+        def set_text_selections(document, selections):
+            document.setCalls.append(list(selections))
+            document.currentSelections = list(selections)
+            return True
+
+        stack = ExitStack()
+        stack.enter_context(mock.patch("cthulhu.script_utilities.AXObject.supports_text", side_effect=lambda obj: isinstance(obj, FakeTextObject)))
+        stack.enter_context(mock.patch("cthulhu.script_utilities.AXText.get_selected_ranges", side_effect=get_selected_ranges))
+        stack.enter_context(mock.patch("cthulhu.script_utilities.AXText.get_character_count", side_effect=get_character_count))
+        stack.enter_context(mock.patch("cthulhu.script_utilities.AXText.get_caret_offset", side_effect=get_caret_offset))
+        stack.enter_context(mock.patch("cthulhu.script_utilities.AXText.get_substring", side_effect=get_substring))
+        stack.enter_context(mock.patch("cthulhu.script_utilities.AXText.set_selected_text", set_selected_text))
+        stack.enter_context(mock.patch("cthulhu.script_utilities.AXText._get_n_selections", return_value=1))
+        stack.enter_context(mock.patch("cthulhu.script_utilities.AXText._remove_selection", remove_selection))
+        stack.enter_context(mock.patch("cthulhu.script_utilities.Atspi.Document.get_text_selections", side_effect=get_text_selections))
+        stack.enter_context(mock.patch("cthulhu.script_utilities.Atspi.Document.set_text_selections", side_effect=set_text_selections))
+        stack.enter_context(mock.patch("cthulhu.script_utilities.Atspi.TextSelection", side_effect=self._new_text_selection))
+        stack.enter_context(
+            mock.patch(
+                "cthulhu.script_utilities.cthulhu.cthulhuApp",
+                new=types.SimpleNamespace(
+                    settingsManager=types.SimpleNamespace(
+                        getSetting=lambda *_args, **_kwargs: False,
+                    )
+                ),
+                create=True,
+            )
+        )
+        self.addCleanup(stack.close)
+        return remove_selection, set_selected_text
+
+    def test_selected_text_uses_document_selection_when_local_ranges_are_empty(self):
+        self.document.currentSelections = [
+            self._make_selection(self.first, 2, self.second, 2),
+        ]
+        self._patch_environment()
+
+        self.assertEqual(self.utility.selectedText(self.first), ["pha", 2, 5])
+        self.assertEqual(self.utility.selectedText(self.second), ["be", 0, 2])
+
+    def test_all_text_selections_project_document_ranges_onto_each_object(self):
+        self.document.currentSelections = [
+            self._make_selection(self.first, 2, self.second, 2),
+        ]
+        self._patch_environment()
+
+        self.assertEqual(self.utility.allTextSelections(self.first), [(2, 5)])
+        self.assertEqual(self.utility.allTextSelections(self.second), [(0, 2)])
+
+    def test_all_selected_text_aggregates_multi_object_document_selection(self):
+        self.document.currentSelections = [
+            self._make_selection(self.first, 2, self.second, 2),
+        ]
+        self._patch_environment()
+
+        self.assertEqual(self.utility.allSelectedText(self.first), ("pha be", 2, 5))
+
+    def test_clear_text_selection_uses_document_api_when_selection_is_authoritative(self):
+        self.document.currentSelections = [
+            self._make_selection(self.first, 1, self.second, 3),
+        ]
+        remove_selection, _ = self._patch_environment()
+
+        self.utility.clearTextSelection(self.first)
+
+        self.assertEqual(self.document.setCalls, [[]])
+        remove_selection.assert_not_called()
+
+    def test_adjust_text_selection_preserves_other_document_ranges(self):
+        self.document.currentSelections = [
+            self._make_selection(self.first, 2, self.first, 4),
+            self._make_selection(self.second, 1, self.second, 3),
+        ]
+        self.first.caret_offset = 4
+        _, set_selected_text = self._patch_environment()
+
+        self.utility.adjustTextSelection(self.first, 5)
+
+        self.assertEqual(len(self.document.setCalls), 1)
+        stored = [
+            (selection.start_object, selection.start_offset,
+             selection.end_object, selection.end_offset,
+             selection.start_is_active)
+            for selection in self.document.setCalls[0]
+        ]
+        self.assertEqual(
+            stored,
+            [
+                (self.first, 2, self.first, 5, False),
+                (self.second, 1, self.second, 3, False),
+            ],
+        )
+        set_selected_text.assert_not_called()
+
+    def test_selected_text_falls_back_to_raw_substring_when_expand_eocs_is_empty(self):
+        self.document.currentSelections = []
+        self.utility.expandEOCs = lambda _obj, _start=0, _end=-1: ""
+        self._patch_environment(local_ranges={self.first: [(2, 5)]})
+
+        self.assertEqual(self.utility.selectedText(self.first), ["pha", 2, 5])
+
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":
+    unittest.main()

tests/test_web_input_regressions.py

@@ -20,7 +20,9 @@ if soundGeneratorModule is not None and not hasattr(soundGeneratorModule, "Sound
 
     soundGeneratorModule.SoundGenerator = _StubSoundGenerator
 
+from cthulhu import messages
 from cthulhu.scripts.web import script as web_script
+from cthulhu.scripts.web import script_utilities as web_script_utilities
 
 
 class WebKeyGrabRegressionTests(unittest.TestCase):
@@ -100,3 +102,130 @@ class WebKeyGrabRegressionTests(unittest.TestCase):
 
 if __name__ == "__main__":
     unittest.main()
+
+
+class WebSelectionRegressionTests(unittest.TestCase):
+    def _make_script(self):
+        testScript = web_script.Script.__new__(web_script.Script)
+        testScript.pointOfReference = {}
+        testScript.utilities = mock.Mock()
+        testScript.utilities.sanityCheckActiveWindow = mock.Mock()
+        testScript.utilities.isZombie.return_value = False
+        testScript.utilities.eventIsBrowserUINoise.return_value = False
+        testScript.utilities.eventIsBrowserUIAutocompleteNoise.return_value = False
+        testScript.utilities.lastInputEventWasTab.return_value = False
+        testScript.utilities.inFindContainer.return_value = False
+        testScript.utilities.eventIsFromLocusOfFocusDocument.return_value = True
+        testScript.utilities.textEventIsDueToInsertion.return_value = False
+        testScript.utilities.textEventIsDueToDeletion.return_value = False
+        testScript.utilities.isItemForEditableComboBox.return_value = False
+        testScript.utilities.eventIsAutocompleteNoise.return_value = False
+        testScript.utilities.eventIsSpinnerNoise.return_value = False
+        testScript.utilities.caretMovedOutsideActiveGrid.return_value = False
+        testScript.utilities.treatEventAsSpinnerValueChange.return_value = False
+        testScript.utilities.queryNonEmptyText.return_value = "Darkest Dungeon"
+        testScript.utilities.lastInputEventWasCaretNavWithSelection.return_value = True
+        testScript.utilities.getCharacterContentsAtOffset.return_value = [[None, 0, 1, "D"]]
+        testScript.utilities.pathComparison.return_value = -1
+        testScript.updateBraille = mock.Mock()
+        testScript.speakContents = mock.Mock()
+        testScript.speakMessage = mock.Mock()
+        testScript._lastCommandWasCaretNav = True
+        testScript._lastCommandWasStructNav = False
+        testScript._lastCommandWasMouseButton = False
+        testScript._lastMouseButtonContext = (None, -1)
+        testScript._inFocusMode = False
+        testScript._focusModeIsSticky = False
+        testScript._browseModeIsSticky = False
+        return testScript
+
+    def test_broken_web_caret_selection_synthesizes_selection_from_caret_context(self):
+        testScript = self._make_script()
+        document = object()
+        section = object()
+        event = mock.Mock(source=section, detail1=-1)
+        manager = mock.Mock()
+        manager.last_event_was_forward_caret_selection.return_value = True
+        manager.last_event_was_backward_caret_selection.return_value = False
+
+        testScript.utilities.getTopLevelDocumentForObject.return_value = document
+        testScript.utilities.getCaretContext.return_value = (section, 0)
+        testScript.utilities.nextContext.return_value = (section, 1)
+        testScript.utilities.getCharacterContentsAtOffset.return_value = [[section, 0, 1, "D"]]
+
+        with (
+            mock.patch.object(web_script.cthulhu_state, "locusOfFocus", section),
+            mock.patch.object(web_script.input_event_manager, "get_manager", return_value=manager),
+            mock.patch.object(web_script.cthulhu, "setLocusOfFocus") as setLocusOfFocus,
+        ):
+            result = web_script.Script.onCaretMoved(testScript, event)
+
+        self.assertTrue(result)
+        testScript.utilities.setCaretContext.assert_called_once_with(section, 1, document)
+        setLocusOfFocus.assert_called_once_with(event, section, False, True)
+        testScript.speakContents.assert_called_once_with([[section, 0, 1, "D"]])
+        testScript.speakMessage.assert_called_once_with(messages.TEXT_SELECTED, interrupt=False)
+        self.assertEqual(
+            testScript.pointOfReference["syntheticWebSelection"]["string"],
+            "D",
+        )
+
+    def test_broken_web_text_selection_event_synthesizes_selection_from_event_source(self):
+        testScript = self._make_script()
+        document = object()
+        anchor = object()
+        link = object()
+        event = mock.Mock(source=link)
+
+        testScript.utilities.getTopLevelDocumentForObject.return_value = document
+        testScript.utilities.getCaretContext.return_value = (anchor, 0)
+        testScript.utilities.nextContext.side_effect = [(anchor, 0)]
+        testScript.utilities.getCharacterContentsAtOffset.side_effect = (
+            lambda obj, _offset: [[link, 0, 1, "S"]] if obj is link else []
+        )
+        testScript.utilities.textEventIsForNonNavigableTextObject.return_value = False
+        testScript.utilities.isContentEditableWithEmbeddedObjects.return_value = False
+        testScript._compareCaretContexts = mock.Mock(return_value=1)
+
+        with (
+            mock.patch.object(web_script.cthulhu_state, "locusOfFocus", anchor),
+            mock.patch.object(web_script.AXText, "get_caret_offset", return_value=0),
+            mock.patch.object(web_script.AXText, "get_selected_ranges", return_value=[]),
+            mock.patch.object(web_script.AXText, "get_substring", return_value="S"),
+            mock.patch.object(web_script.cthulhu, "setLocusOfFocus") as setLocusOfFocus,
+        ):
+            result = web_script.Script.onTextSelectionChanged(testScript, event)
+
+        self.assertTrue(result)
+        testScript.utilities.setCaretContext.assert_called_once_with(link, 0, document)
+        setLocusOfFocus.assert_called_once_with(event, link, False, True)
+        testScript.speakContents.assert_called_once_with([[link, 0, 1, "S"]])
+        testScript.speakMessage.assert_called_once_with(messages.TEXT_SELECTED, interrupt=False)
+        self.assertEqual(
+            testScript.pointOfReference["syntheticWebSelection"]["string"],
+            "S",
+        )
+
+    def test_web_utilities_all_selected_text_falls_back_to_synthetic_selection(self):
+        testScript = mock.Mock(pointOfReference={})
+        utilities = web_script_utilities.Utilities.__new__(web_script_utilities.Utilities)
+        utilities._script = testScript
+        document = object()
+        obj = object()
+        testScript.pointOfReference["syntheticWebSelection"] = {
+            "document": document,
+            "string": "Dark",
+        }
+
+        with (
+            mock.patch.object(
+                web_script_utilities.script_utilities.Utilities,
+                "allSelectedText",
+                return_value=["", 0, 0],
+            ),
+            mock.patch.object(utilities, "inDocumentContent", return_value=True),
+            mock.patch.object(utilities, "getTopLevelDocumentForObject", return_value=document),
+        ):
+            result = web_script_utilities.Utilities.allSelectedText(utilities, obj)
+
+        self.assertEqual(result, ["Dark", 0, 4])