More refactoring work. Since the first part was such a success, may as well continue. We're actually going to be in very good shape if things keep going this well.

src/cthulhu/cthulhu.py

@@ -135,6 +135,7 @@ class APIHelper:
             self._gestureBindings[contextName].append(binding)
             logger.info(f"Stored binding in context '{contextName}'")
 
+            plugin_manager = None
             if contextName and self.app:
                 try:
                     plugin_manager = self.app.getPluginSystemManager()
@@ -143,21 +144,26 @@ class APIHelper:
                 if plugin_manager:
                     plugin_manager.add_keybinding(contextName, binding, global_binding=globalBinding)
 
-            # Only add to active script if one exists
+            if contextName and self.app and plugin_manager:
-            if cthulhu_state.activeScript and not globalBinding:
+                if not globalBinding and cthulhu_state.activeScript:
-                logger.info(f"Adding binding to active script: {cthulhu_state.activeScript}")
+                    plugin_manager.activate_keybindings_for_plugin(contextName)
-                bindings = cthulhu_state.activeScript.getKeyBindings()
+                elif not globalBinding:
-                bindings.add(binding)
+                    debug.printMessage(debug.LEVEL_INFO, "No active script available - binding stored for later registration", True)
-                
-                # Register key grab at the system level
-                grab_ids = addKeyGrab(binding)
-                logger.info(f"Key grab IDs: {grab_ids}")
-                
-                # For later removal
-                if grab_ids:
-                    binding._grab_ids = grab_ids
             else:
-                debug.printMessage(debug.LEVEL_INFO, "No active script available - binding stored for later registration", True)
+                if cthulhu_state.activeScript and not globalBinding:
+                    logger.info(f"Adding binding to active script: {cthulhu_state.activeScript}")
+                    bindings = cthulhu_state.activeScript.getKeyBindings()
+                    bindings.add(binding)
+                    
+                    # Register key grab at the system level
+                    grab_ids = addKeyGrab(binding)
+                    logger.info(f"Key grab IDs: {grab_ids}")
+                    
+                    # For later removal
+                    if grab_ids:
+                        binding._grab_ids = grab_ids
+                else:
+                    debug.printMessage(debug.LEVEL_INFO, "No active script available - binding stored for later registration", True)
 
             debug.printMessage(debug.LEVEL_INFO, f"Created binding: {binding.keysymstring} with modifiers {binding.modifiers}", True)
             logger.info("=== APIHelper.registerGestureByString completed ===")
@@ -174,16 +180,26 @@ class APIHelper:
         - binding: the binding to unregister
         - contextName: the context for this gesture
         """
-        # Remove from script's keybindings
+        removed_via_plugin_manager = False
-        from . import cthulhu_state
+        if contextName and self.app:
-        if cthulhu_state.activeScript:
+            try:
-            bindings = cthulhu_state.activeScript.getKeyBindings()
+                plugin_manager = self.app.getPluginSystemManager()
-            bindings.remove(binding)
+            except Exception:
+                plugin_manager = None
+            if plugin_manager:
+                plugin_manager.remove_keybinding(contextName, binding)
+                removed_via_plugin_manager = True
+        if not removed_via_plugin_manager:
+            # Remove from script's keybindings
+            from . import cthulhu_state
+            if cthulhu_state.activeScript:
+                bindings = cthulhu_state.activeScript.getKeyBindings()
+                bindings.remove(binding)
 
-        # Remove key grab at system level
+            # Remove key grab at system level
-        if hasattr(binding, '_grab_ids'):
+            if hasattr(binding, '_grab_ids'):
-            for grab_id in binding._grab_ids:
+                for grab_id in binding._grab_ids:
-                self.app.removeKeyGrab(grab_id)
+                    self.app.removeKeyGrab(grab_id)
 
         # Remove from tracking
         if contextName in self._gestureBindings:
@@ -858,17 +874,15 @@ def main():
             # setActiveWindow does some corrective work needed thanks to
             # mutter-x11-frames. So retrieve the window just in case.
             window = cthulhu_state.activeWindow
-            script = cthulhuApp.scriptManager.get_script(app, window)
+            cthulhuApp.scriptManager.activate_script_for_context(app, window, "startup: launch")
-            cthulhuApp.scriptManager.set_active_script(script, "Launching.")
 
             focusedObject = AXUtilities.get_focused_object(window)
             tokens = ["CTHULHU: Focused object is:", focusedObject]
             debug.printTokens(debug.LEVEL_INFO, tokens, True)
             if focusedObject:
                 setLocusOfFocus(None, focusedObject)
-                script = cthulhuApp.scriptManager.get_script(
+                cthulhuApp.scriptManager.activate_script_for_context(
-                    AXObject.get_application(focusedObject), focusedObject)
+                    AXObject.get_application(focusedObject), focusedObject, "startup: focused-object")
-                cthulhuApp.scriptManager.set_active_script(script, "Found focused object.")
 
     try:
         msg = "CTHULHU: Starting ATSPI registry."

src/cthulhu/event_manager.py

@@ -675,7 +675,7 @@ class EventManager:
             return False
 
         defaultScript = cthulhu.cthulhuApp.scriptManager.get_default_script()
-        cthulhu.cthulhuApp.scriptManager.set_active_script(defaultScript, 'No focus')
+        cthulhu.cthulhuApp.scriptManager.set_active_script(defaultScript, 'focus: none')
         defaultScript.idleMessage()
         return False
 
@@ -900,6 +900,15 @@ class EventManager:
         if not script.isActivatableEvent(event):
             return False, "The script says not to activate for this event."
 
+        if cthulhu_state.activeScript is None:
+            active_window = cthulhu_state.activeWindow
+            if AXUtilities.is_focused(event.source):
+                return True, "No active script and event source is focused."
+            if active_window and AXObject.is_ancestor(event.source, active_window, inclusive=True):
+                return True, "No active script and event is in active window."
+            if AXUtilities.is_frame(event.source) or AXUtilities.is_window(event.source):
+                return True, "No active script and event source is window/frame."
+
         if script.forceScriptActivation(event):
             return True, "The script insists it should be activated for this event."
 
@@ -1097,7 +1106,7 @@ class EventManager:
                 debug.printMessage(debug.LEVEL_INFO, msg, True)
                 cthulhu_state.locusOfFocus = None
                 cthulhu_state.activeWindow = None
-                cthulhu.cthulhuApp.scriptManager.set_active_script(None, "Active window is dead or defunct")
+                cthulhu.cthulhuApp.scriptManager.set_active_script(None, "focus: active-window-dead")
             return
 
         if AXUtilities.is_iconified(event.source):

src/cthulhu/focus_manager.py

@@ -291,7 +291,7 @@ class FocusManager:
         if event and (script and not script.app):
             app = _get_ax_utilities().get_application(event.source)
             script = self.app.scriptManager.get_script(app, event.source)
-            self.app.scriptManager.set_active_script(script, "Setting locus of focus")
+            self.app.scriptManager.activate_script_for_context(app, event.source, "focus: locus-of-focus")
 
         old_focus = self._focus
         if AXObject.is_dead(old_focus):
@@ -384,8 +384,7 @@ class FocusManager:
                 self.set_locus_of_focus(None, self._window, notify_script=True)
 
         app = _get_ax_utilities().get_application(self._focus)
-        script = self.app.scriptManager.get_script(app, self._focus)
+        self.app.scriptManager.activate_script_for_context(app, self._focus, "focus: active-window")
-        self.app.scriptManager.set_active_script(script, "Setting active window")
 
     @dbus_service.command
     def toggle_presentation_mode(
@@ -472,4 +471,3 @@ def get_manager():
         from . import cthulhu
         _manager = FocusManager(cthulhu.cthulhuApp)
     return _manager
-

src/cthulhu/input_event.py

@@ -778,6 +778,20 @@ class KeyboardEvent(InputEvent):
 
         return self._handler
 
+    def _resolveHandler(self):
+        """Resolve handler for this event, returning True if a global handler was used."""
+
+        if not self._handler and self._script:
+            self._handler = self._script.keyBindings.getInputHandler(self)
+
+        if not self._handler:
+            globalHandler = self._getGlobalHandler()
+            if globalHandler:
+                self._handler = globalHandler
+                return True
+
+        return False
+
     def shouldConsume(self):
         """Returns True if this event should be consumed."""
 
@@ -810,23 +824,15 @@ class KeyboardEvent(InputEvent):
         if cthulhu_state.bypassNextCommand:
             return False, 'Bypass next command'
 
-        if not self._handler:
+        globalHandlerUsed = globalHandlerUsed or self._resolveHandler()
-            self._handler = self._script.keyBindings.getInputHandler(self)
-        if not self._handler:
-            globalHandler = self._getGlobalHandler()
-            if globalHandler:
-                self._handler = globalHandler
-                globalHandlerUsed = True
 
         if self._handler:
             debug.printMessage(debug.LEVEL_INFO, f"shouldConsume: Handler found: {self._handler.description}", True)
         else:
             debug.printMessage(debug.LEVEL_INFO, "shouldConsume: No handler found", True)
 
-        # TODO - JD: Right now we need to always call consumesKeyboardEvent()
+        self._script.updateKeyboardEventState(self, self._handler)
-        # because that method is updating state, even in instances where there
+        scriptConsumes = self._script.shouldConsumeKeyboardEvent(self, self._handler)
-        # is no handler.
-        scriptConsumes = self._script.consumesKeyboardEvent(self)
         if globalHandlerUsed:
             scriptConsumes = True
         debug.printMessage(debug.LEVEL_INFO, f"shouldConsume: scriptConsumes={scriptConsumes}", True)

src/cthulhu/input_event_manager.py

@@ -133,6 +133,10 @@ class InputEventManager:
             grab_ids.append(grab_id)
             self._grabbed_bindings[grab_id] = binding
 
+        if grab_ids:
+            tokens = ["INPUT EVENT MANAGER: Added grabs", grab_ids, "for", binding]
+            debug.print_tokens(debug.LEVEL_INFO, tokens, True)
+
         return grab_ids
 
     def remove_grabs_for_keybinding(self, binding: keybindings.KeyBinding) -> None:
@@ -154,6 +158,9 @@ class InputEventManager:
             debug.print_tokens(debug.LEVEL_INFO, tokens, True)
             return
 
+        tokens = ["INPUT EVENT MANAGER: Removing grabs", grab_ids, "for", binding]
+        debug.print_tokens(debug.LEVEL_INFO, tokens, True)
+
         for grab_id in grab_ids:
             self._device.remove_key_grab(grab_id)
             removed = self._grabbed_bindings.pop(grab_id, None)
@@ -179,6 +186,9 @@ class InputEventManager:
             binding._grab_ids.remove(grab_id)
             if not binding._grab_ids:
                 delattr(binding, "_grab_ids")
+        if binding:
+            tokens = ["INPUT EVENT MANAGER: Removed grab", grab_id, "for", binding]
+            debug.print_tokens(debug.LEVEL_INFO, tokens, True)
 
     def map_keysym_to_modifier(self, keysym: int) -> int:
         """Maps keysym as a modifier, returns the newly-mapped modifier."""

src/cthulhu/plugin_system_manager.py

@@ -21,6 +21,7 @@ from enum import IntEnum
 
 import pluggy
 from . import dbus_service
+from . import input_event_manager
 from . import keybindings # Added import
 
 # Set to True for more detailed plugin loading debug info
@@ -144,6 +145,7 @@ class PluginSystemManager:
         self._plugin_keybindings = {} # plugin_name -> [KeyBinding]
         self._global_keybindings = keybindings.KeyBindings()
         self._global_bindings = []
+        self._last_active_script = None
 
         # Create plugin directories
         self._setup_plugin_dirs()
@@ -166,12 +168,42 @@ class PluginSystemManager:
             if binding not in self._global_bindings:
                 self._global_bindings.append(binding)
                 self._global_keybindings.add(binding)
-                grab_ids = self.app.addKeyGrab(binding)
+                grab_ids = input_event_manager.get_manager().add_grabs_for_keybinding(binding)
                 if grab_ids:
                     binding._global_grab_ids = grab_ids
                 else:
                     logger.warning(f"Failed to create global key grab for {binding.keysymstring}")
 
+    def activate_keybindings_for_plugin(self, plugin_name):
+        """Activates keybindings for a single plugin with the active script."""
+        plugin_info = self._plugins.get(plugin_name)
+        if not plugin_info or not plugin_info.loaded:
+            return
+        self._activate_plugin_keybindings(plugin_info)
+
+    def remove_keybinding(self, plugin_name, binding):
+        """Remove a keybinding associated with a specific plugin."""
+        if plugin_name in self._plugin_keybindings:
+            if binding in self._plugin_keybindings[plugin_name]:
+                self._plugin_keybindings[plugin_name].remove(binding)
+
+        if binding in self._global_bindings:
+            if hasattr(binding, '_global_grab_ids'):
+                for grab_id in binding._global_grab_ids:
+                    input_event_manager.get_manager().remove_grab_by_id(grab_id)
+                del binding._global_grab_ids
+            if binding in self._global_bindings:
+                self._global_bindings.remove(binding)
+            self._global_keybindings.remove(binding)
+            return
+
+        from . import cthulhu_state
+        if cthulhu_state.activeScript:
+            active_script = cthulhu_state.activeScript
+            if active_script.getKeyBindings().hasKeyBinding(binding, "keysNoMask"):
+                active_script.getKeyBindings().remove(binding)
+                input_event_manager.get_manager().remove_grabs_for_keybinding(binding)
+
     def _activate_plugin_keybindings(self, plugin_info):
         """Activates all keybindings for a given plugin with the active script."""
         from . import cthulhu_state # Import here to avoid circular dependency
@@ -182,12 +214,13 @@ class PluginSystemManager:
         plugin_name = plugin_info.get_module_name()
         if plugin_name in self._plugin_keybindings:
             active_script = cthulhu_state.activeScript
+            input_manager = input_event_manager.get_manager()
             for binding in self._plugin_keybindings[plugin_name]:
                 if binding in self._global_bindings:
                     continue
                 if not active_script.getKeyBindings().hasKeyBinding(binding, "keysNoMask"):
                     active_script.getKeyBindings().add(binding)
-                    grab_ids = self.app.addKeyGrab(binding)
+                    grab_ids = input_event_manager.get_manager().add_grabs_for_keybinding(binding)
                     if grab_ids:
                         binding._grab_ids = grab_ids
                     else:
@@ -216,10 +249,7 @@ class PluginSystemManager:
                     continue
                 if active_script.getKeyBindings().hasKeyBinding(binding, "keysNoMask"):
                     active_script.getKeyBindings().remove(binding)
-                    if hasattr(binding, '_grab_ids'):
+                    input_manager.remove_grabs_for_keybinding(binding)
-                        for grab_id in binding._grab_ids:
-                            self.app.removeKeyGrab(grab_id)
-                        del binding._grab_ids
                 logger.debug(f"Deactivated keybinding '{binding.asString()}' for plugin '{plugin_name}'")
 
     def refresh_active_script_keybindings(self):
@@ -237,22 +267,20 @@ class PluginSystemManager:
 
         # First, remove all existing plugin keybindings from the old script
         # This requires iterating through all plugins, not just active ones, to ensure cleanup
-        from . import cthulhu_state
+        old_script = self._last_active_script
-        if cthulhu_state.activeScript: # If there was an old active script
+        if old_script:
-            old_script = cthulhu_state.activeScript
+            input_manager = input_event_manager.get_manager()
             for plugin_name, bindings in self._plugin_keybindings.items():
                 for binding in bindings:
                     if binding in self._global_bindings:
                         continue
                     if old_script.getKeyBindings().hasKeyBinding(binding, "keysNoMask"):
                         old_script.getKeyBindings().remove(binding)
-                        if hasattr(binding, '_grab_ids'):
+                        input_manager.remove_grabs_for_keybinding(binding)
-                            for grab_id in binding._grab_ids:
-                                self.app.removeKeyGrab(grab_id)
-                            del binding._grab_ids
                         logger.debug(f"Removed keybinding '{binding.asString()}' from old script for plugin '{plugin_name}'")
 
         # Now, if there's a new active script, apply keybindings for currently active plugins
+        self._last_active_script = new_script
         if new_script:
             for plugin_name in self._active_plugins:
                 plugin_info = self._plugins.get(plugin_name)

src/cthulhu/script.py

@@ -496,11 +496,19 @@ class Script:
         Returns True if the event is of interest.
         """
 
+        handler = self.keyBindings.getInputHandler(keyboardEvent)
+        self.updateKeyboardEventState(keyboardEvent, handler)
+        return self.shouldConsumeKeyboardEvent(keyboardEvent, handler)
+
+    def updateKeyboardEventState(self, keyboardEvent, handler):
+        """Update internal state for a keyboard event without deciding consumption."""
+        pass
+
+    def shouldConsumeKeyboardEvent(self, keyboardEvent, handler):
+        """Returns True if the script will consume this keyboard event."""
         consumes = False
         self._lastCommandWasStructNav = False
-        handler = self.keyBindings.getInputHandler(keyboardEvent)
+        if handler and handler.function in self.structuralNavigation.functions:
-        if handler \
-             and handler.function in self.structuralNavigation.functions:
             consumes = self.useStructuralNavigationModel()
             if consumes:
                 self._lastCommandWasStructNav = True

src/cthulhu/script_manager.py

@@ -72,7 +72,7 @@ class ScriptManager:
         self._toolkitNames = \
             {'WebKitGTK': 'WebKitGtk', 'GTK': 'gtk'}
 
-        self.set_active_script(None, "__init__")
+        self.set_active_script(None, "lifecycle: init")
         self._active = False
         debug.printMessage(debug.LEVEL_INFO, "SCRIPT MANAGER: Initialized", True)
 
@@ -82,7 +82,7 @@ class ScriptManager:
         debug.printMessage(debug.LEVEL_INFO, "SCRIPT MANAGER: Activating", True)
         self._defaultScript = self.get_script(None)
         self._defaultScript.registerEventListeners()
-        self.set_active_script(self._defaultScript, "activate")
+        self.set_active_script(self._defaultScript, "lifecycle: activate")
         self._active = True
         debug.printMessage(debug.LEVEL_INFO, "SCRIPT MANAGER: Activated", True)
 
@@ -93,7 +93,7 @@ class ScriptManager:
         if self._defaultScript:
             self._defaultScript.deregisterEventListeners()
         self._defaultScript = None
-        self.set_active_script(None, "deactivate")
+        self.set_active_script(None, "lifecycle: deactivate")
         self.appScripts = {}
         self.toolkitScripts = {}
         self.customScripts = {}
@@ -342,6 +342,7 @@ class ScriptManager:
 
         cthulhu_state.activeScript = newScript
         if not newScript:
+            self._log_active_state(reason)
             return
 
         newScript.activate()
@@ -352,6 +353,22 @@ class ScriptManager:
         
         tokens = ["SCRIPT MANAGER: Setting active script to", newScript, "reason:", reason]
         debug.printTokens(debug.LEVEL_INFO, tokens, True)
+        self._log_active_state(reason)
+
+    def activate_script_for_context(self, app, obj, reason=None):
+        script = self.get_script(app, obj)
+        self.set_active_script(script, reason)
+        return script
+
+    def _log_active_state(self, reason=None):
+        tokens = [
+            "SCRIPT MANAGER: Active state:",
+            "window", cthulhu_state.activeWindow,
+            "focus", cthulhu_state.locusOfFocus,
+            "script", cthulhu_state.activeScript,
+            "reason", reason
+        ]
+        debug.printTokens(debug.LEVEL_INFO, tokens, True)
 
     def _get_script_for_app_replicant(self, app):
         if not self._active:
@@ -436,4 +453,3 @@ def get_manager():
         from . import cthulhu
         _manager = ScriptManager(cthulhu.cthulhuApp)
     return _manager
-

src/cthulhu/scripts/default.py

@@ -1983,7 +1983,7 @@ class Script(script.Script):
 
         cthulhu.setLocusOfFocus(event, None)
         cthulhu.setActiveWindow(None)
-        cthulhu.cthulhuApp.scriptManager.set_active_script(None, "Window deactivated")
+        cthulhu.cthulhuApp.scriptManager.set_active_script(None, "focus: window-deactivated")
 
     def onClipboardContentsChanged(self, *args):
         if self.flatReviewPresenter.is_active():

src/cthulhu/scripts/web/script.py

@@ -587,18 +587,19 @@ class Script(default.Script):
         debug.printMessage(debug.LEVEL_INFO, msg, True)
         self.liveRegionManager.flushMessages()
 
-    def consumesKeyboardEvent(self, keyboardEvent):
+    def updateKeyboardEventState(self, keyboardEvent, handler):
-        """Returns True if the script will consume this keyboard event."""
+        """Update internal state for a keyboard event without deciding consumption."""
 
         # We need to do this here. Cthulhu caret and structural navigation
         # often result in the user being repositioned without our getting
         # a corresponding AT-SPI event. Without an AT-SPI event, script.py
         # won't know to dump the generator cache. See bgo#618827.
         self.generatorCache = {}
-
         self._lastMouseButtonContext = None, -1
 
-        handler = self.keyBindings.getInputHandler(keyboardEvent)
+    def shouldConsumeKeyboardEvent(self, keyboardEvent, handler):
+        """Returns True if the script will consume this keyboard event."""
+
         if handler and self.caretNavigation.handles_navigation(handler):
             consumes = self.useCaretNavigationModel(keyboardEvent)
             self._lastCommandWasCaretNav = consumes
@@ -627,7 +628,7 @@ class Script(default.Script):
             self._lastCommandWasMouseButton = False
 
         # Check parent first
-        consumes = super().consumesKeyboardEvent(keyboardEvent)
+        consumes = super().shouldConsumeKeyboardEvent(keyboardEvent, handler)
         
         # If parent doesn't consume Return key, try our clickable fallback
         if not consumes and keyboardEvent.event_string == "Return":

src/cthulhu/sleep_mode_manager.py

@@ -142,7 +142,7 @@ class SleepModeManager:
             if notifyUser:
                 newScript.presentMessage(
                     messages.SLEEP_MODE_DISABLED_FOR % AXObject.get_name(script.app))
-            scriptManager.set_active_script(newScript, "Sleep mode toggled off")
+            scriptManager.set_active_script(newScript, "sleep: off")
             debug.printMessage(debug.LEVEL_INFO, f"SLEEP MODE: Disabled for {AXObject.get_name(script.app)}", True)
             # Reset debounce timer after successful toggle
             self._lastToggleTime = 0
@@ -173,7 +173,7 @@ class SleepModeManager:
             debug.printMessage(debug.LEVEL_INFO, f"SLEEP MODE: Got sleep script: {sleepScript}", True)
             
             debug.printMessage(debug.LEVEL_INFO, f"SLEEP MODE: Setting active script", True)
-            scriptManager.set_active_script(sleepScript, "Sleep mode toggled on")
+            scriptManager.set_active_script(sleepScript, "sleep: on")
             debug.printMessage(debug.LEVEL_INFO, f"SLEEP MODE: Active script set successfully", True)
             
             debug.printMessage(debug.LEVEL_INFO, f"SLEEP MODE: Adding app to sleep list", True)