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<HTML>
<HEAD>
<TITLE>W3M FAQ</TITLE>
</HEAD>
<BODY>
<p>&nbsp;
<center><h1>Frequently Asked Questions and Answers about w3m</h1></center>
<div align=right>
Akinori Ito<br>
aito@fw.ipsj.or.jp<br>
Corrected by Tom Berger &lt;tom.be@gmx.net&gt;
</div>
<p>
<b><center><font size=+1><u><a name="index">Index</a></u></font></center></b>
<p>
<br>
<ul>
<li><h2><a href="#general">General Questions, How to Get It, Required Environment</a></h2></li>
<ul>
<li><h3>How do I pronounce &quot;w3m&quot;?</h3>
<li><h3>Why is it called &quot;w3m&quot;?</h3>
<li><h3>On which platforms does w3m work?</h3>
<li><h3>Where can I get more information about w3m?</h3>
<li><h3>Is there a mailing list for w3m?</h3>
<li><h3>Are there any binary distributions?</h3>
</ul>
<br>
<li><a href="#install"><h2>Compile and Install</h2></a>
<br>
<li><a href="#command"><h2>Options, Commands, Usage</h2></a>
<ul>
<li><h3>w3m quits if started without parameters. What's wrong?</h3>
<li><h3>w3m starts with black characters on a black screen. How do I change this?</h3>
<li><h3>Does w3m support colours?</h3>
<li><h3>Does w3m support monochrome display?</h3>
<li><h3>How do I shift the display?</h3>
<li><h3>How do I move from anchor to anchor?</h3>
<li><h3>Netscape displays a word red, but w3m doesn't. Why?</h3>
<li><h3>How do I change the colour of anchor-/image-/form links?</h3>
<li><h3>w3m doesn't seem to use the variable EDITOR. Why? </h3>
<li><h3>How do I quit a search or URL text input?</h3>
</ul>
<br>
<li><a href="#www"><h2>Questions about WWW usage</h2></a>
<ul>
<li><h3>How do I fill in forms with w3m?</h3>
<li><h3>Seems like w3m is slower than Netscape or Lynx. Why?</h3>
<li><h3>Loading time doesn't decrease when loading a previously seen page</h3>
<li><h3>How do I download a linked file?</h3>
<li><h3>How do I specify a proxy server?</h3>
<li><h3>w3m freezes when I invoke an external browser.</h3>
<li><h3>How do I change the default image viewer?</h3>
<li><h3>How do I enter a URL?</h3>
<li><h3>w3m appends a URL to the former one despite of having cleared the line with Ctrl-u. What to do?</h3>
</ul>
<br>
<li><a href="other"><h2>Misc</a></h2>
<ul>
<li><h3>What is w3m's configuration file?</h3>
<li><h3>What are these w3mxxxx files in my ~/.w3m directory for?</h3>
</ul>
<br>&nbsp;
<br>
<u><h2><a name="general">General Questions, How to Get It, Required Environment</a></h2></u>
<br>
<dl>
<dt><h3>How do I pronounce &quot;w3m&quot;?</h3>
<dd>It's &quot;W-three-M&quot;. It doesn't rhyme with &quot;pteranodon&quot;.
<p>
<dt><h3>Why is it called &quot;w3m&quot;?</h3>
<dd>It's an abbreviation of &quot;WWW-wo-Miru&quot;, which is Japanese for
&quot;See the WWW&quot;. So in English the name of this browser would be
something like &quot;stw3&quot;.
<p>
<dt><h3>On which platforms does w3m work?</h3>
<dd>It runs on various versions of Unix, since version 990226 on OS/2 and since
version 990303 also on MS-Windows with Cygwin32.
<br>
Current versions have been confirmed to run on:
<ul>
<li>SunOS 4.1.x
<li>HP-UX 9.x, 10.x
<li>Solaris 2.5.x, 2.6, 8
<li>Linux 2.0.30
<li>FreeBSD 2.2.8, 3.1, 3.2, 4.6
<li>NetBSD/macppc, m68k
<li>EWS4800 Rel.12.2 Rev.A
<li>Digital UNIX: v3.2D, v4.0D
<li>IRIX 5.3, IRIX 6.5
<li>OS/2 with emx
<li>Windows 9x/NT with Cygwin32 b20.1
<li>MS-DOS with DJGPP and WATT32 packet driver
<li>MacOS X Server
<li>MacOS X 10.1, 10.2
</ul>
<dt><h3>Where can I get more information about w3m?</h3>
<dd>At the <a href="http://w3m.sourceforge.net/index.en.html">English w3m home page</a>.
<dt><h3>Is there a mailing list for w3m?</h3>
<dd>There is a mailing list for developpers (w3m-dev-en). Please see
<a href="http://w3m.sourceforge.net/index.en.html">w3m page</a>
for details. You may also mail your comments to <a href="mailto:aito@fw.ipsj.or.jp">the author</a>.
<dt><h3>Are there any binary distributions?</h3>
<dd>So far there are only binaries for the win/cygnus32 version. You can get
them from <a href="http://prdownloads.sourceforge.net/w3m/">here</a>.
Contact <a href="mailto:aito@fw.ipsj.or.jp">the author</a> if you want to contribute binaries for other platforms.
</dd>
</dl>
<br>
<div align=right>
<i>Up to <a href="#index">index</a></i>
</div>
<br>
<u><h2><a name="install">Compile and Install</a></h2></u>
No problem :-)
<u><h2><a name="command">Options, Commands, Usage</a></h2></u>
<br>
<dl>
<dt><h3>w3m quits if started without parameters. What's wrong?</h3>
<dd>w3m is a <b>pager</b>. Therefore it just quits when invoked without any
arguments. Possible arguments are:
<ol>
<li>A filename or an URL
<li>Pipe from standard input
<li>The -B option (Show bookmark file)
<li>The -v option (visual startup)
<li>From a specified HTTP_HOME or WWW_HOME variable
</ol>
<p>
<dt><h3>w3m starts with black characters on black background. How do I change
this?</h3>
<dd>
When compiled with colour support, w3m assumes a white background and therefore
displays black characters.
<br>
You may either change the background colour of your terminal (e.g. with the -bg
option in a xterm) or take these steps:
<ul>
<li>invoke w3m with 'w3m -M' (for monochrome),
<li>type 'o' for getting to the options screen
<li><b>Mark 'Display with colour' as ON</b> and choose an arbitrary colour.
Click on [OK].
</ul>
<p>
<dt><h3>Does w3m support colours?</h3>
<dd>Yes. When you run './configure', answer the question
<p>
<pre>
Let's do some configurations. Choose config option among the list."
1 - Baby model (no color, no menu, no mouse, no cookie, no SSL)
2 - Little model (color, menu, no mouse, no cookie, no SSL)
3 - Mouse model (color, menu, mouse, no cookie, no SSL)
4 - Cookie model (color, menu, mouse, cookie, no SSL)
5 - Monster model (with everything; you need openSSL library)
6 - Customize
Which?
</pre>
<p>
with 2,3,4 or 5.
<p>
<dt><h3>Does w3m support monochrome display?</h3>
<dd>Yes. You may either
<ol>
<li>Answer the above mentioned 'configure' question with 1, or
<li>Invoke w3m with the -M option, or
<li>Type 'o' within w3m to enter the options screen and turn off colour display
mode.
</ol>
<dt><h3>How do I shift the display?</h3>
<dd>You can shift the display by moving the cursor to the edge of the screen. You
may also use the "&gt;"/"&lt;" or "."/"," keys.
<br>
Another idea would be adjusting the xterm with the -geometry option (e.g.
something like 'xterm -geometry 110x45 -bg white -name w3m -e w3m -B').
<dt><h3>How do I move from anchor to anchor?</h3>
<dd>You can move to the next anchor using TAB. ESC TAB moves cursor to the previous anchor.
<p>
<dt><h3>Netscape displays a word red, but w3m doesn't. Why?</h3>
<dd>w3m doesn't support &lt;FONT COLOR=".."&gt; tags. It won't be impossible to implement this, but I think it would make the document more difficult to read.
<p>
<dt><h3>How do I change the colour of anchor-/image-/form links?</h3>
<dd>Type 'o' within w3m to get the 'options' screen. You can change these
settings there.
<dt>
<dt><h3>w3m doesn't seem to use the variable EDITOR. Why? </h3>
<dd><dd>Go to the 'options' screen using the "o" key. Any entry in the 'Editor' field will override the environment variable.
<br>
If you want to use the editor specified by EDITOR blank the field and push [OK].
<p>
<dt><h3>How do I quit a search or URL text input?</h3>
<dd>Clear input text using Ctrl-u and hit RETURN.
</dd>
</dl>
<br>
<div align=right>
<i>Up to <a href="#index">index</a></i>
</div>
<br>
<u><h2><a name="www">Questions about WWW usage</a></h2></u>
<br>
<dl>
<dt><h3>How do I fill in forms with w3m?</h3>
<dd>Form input fields are displayed in red (or reverse). Move the cursor to
them and hit RETURN. Then,
<ul>
<li>if it is a text input field, put in your text on the bottom line,
<li>if it is a radiobutton or checkbox, that item is selected,
<li>if it is a textarea, an editor is spawned,
<li>if it is 'submit' or 'reset', well, just do it.
</ul>
<dt><h3>Seems like w3m is slower than Netscape or Lynx. Why?</h3>
<dd>w3m renders a HTML document in two passes. Therefore it displays the documentnot before having read the entire document.
<br>
Netscape or Lynx display the document before having read the whole page,
and therefore seem faster.
<p>
<dt><h3>Loading time doesn't decrease when loading a previously seen page</h3>
<dd>w3m doesn't have its own cache. Therefore, it reads the document
from the server each time it accesses it. If possible, use a cache server.
<p>
<dt><h3>How do I download a linked file?</h3>
<dd>Use 'a' (or 'd' with Lynx-like keybindings) or ESC RET. If you want to download an inline image, use ESC 'I'.
<p>
<dt><h3>How do I specify a proxy server?</h3>
<dd>Set the environment variable HTTP_PROXY or use the option setting panel
("o" key). For example, if you want to use port 8000 of proxy.hogege.com, specify
<p>
<pre>
http://proxy.hogege.com:8000/
</pre>
<p>
<dt><h3>w3m freezes when I invoke an external browser.</h3>
<dd>Enter w3m's option screen using the 'o' key and specify
<p>
<pre>
netscape %s &
</pre>
<p>
(if you are using netscape).
<p>
<dt><h3>How do I change the default image viewer?</h3>
<dd>By default w3m uses xv to view images. If you want to change it into, let's say, 'display', add the following line to ~/.mailcap or /etc/mailcap.
<p>
<pre>
image/*; display %s
</pre>
<p>
You can specify external viewers of other file types as well:
<p>
<pre>
image/*; display %s
application/postscript; ghostview %s
application/x-dvi; xdvi %s
</pre>
<dt><h3>How do I enter a URL?</h3>
<dd>Type SHIFT-U
<p>
<dt><h3>w3m appends a URL to the former one despite of having cleared the line
with Ctrl-u. What to do?</h3>
<dd>Enter the <i>complete</i> adress, e.g. http://www.slashdot.org.
</dd>
</dl>
<br>
<div align=right>
<i>Up to <a href="#index">index</a></i>
</div>
<br>
<u><h2><a name="other">Miscellaneous</a></h2></u>
<br>
<dl>
<dt><h3>What is w3m's configuration file?</h3>
<dd>It is ~/.w3m/config.
<p>
<dt><h3>What are these w3mxxxx files in my ~/.w3m directory for?</h3>
<dd>These are temporary files used by w3m when reading documents from a
WWW server. They are not cache files and are usually deleted when w3m is
terminated. If there remain any temp files, please remove them by yourself.
<p>
</dd>
</dl>
<br>
<div align=right>
<i>Up to <a href="#index">index</a></i>
</div>
<br>
</BODY>
</HTML>

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<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 3.2 Final//EN">
<html>
<head><title>w3m manual</title>
</head>
<body>
<h1>w3m MANUAL</h1>
<div align=right>
Akinori Ito<br>
aito@fw.ipsj.or.jp
</div>
<h2>Index</h2>
<menu>
<li><a href="#Introduction">Introduction</a>
<li><a href="#Options">Options</a>
<li><a href="#Color">Document color</a>
<li><a href="#Key:orig">Key binding</a>
<li><a href="#Key:lynx">Lynx-like key binding</a>
<li><a href="#Mouse">Mouse operation</a>
<li><a href="#Key:custom">Key customization</a>
<li><a href="#LocalCGI">Local CGI</a>
</menu>
<hr>
<a name="Introduction"></a>
<h2>Introduction</h2>
w3m is a pager/text-based WWW browser. You can browse local documents and/or
documents on the WWW using a terminal emulator.
<hr>
<a name="Options"></a>
<h2>Options</h2>
Command line usage is
<p>
<pre>
w3m [options] [file|URL]
</pre>
<P>
If you specify filenames/URLs on command line, these documents are displayed.
If you specify nothing, w3m reads a document from standard input and display it.
If no filename and/or URLs are specified and standard input is tty, w3m terminates
without displaying anything.
<p>
Options are as follows:
<dl>
<dt>+&lt;line number&gt;
<dd>Move to the specified line.
<dt>-t width
<dd>Specify tab width. Default is 8.
<dt>-r
<dd>When displaying text/plain document, prohibit emphasis using backspace.
If you don't specify this option,
``A^H_'' is interpreted as underlined character and ``A^HA'' as a bold character.
<dt>-l number
<dd>Specify line number preserved internally when reading text/plain document
fron standard input. Default is 10000.
<dt>-s
<dd>Display documents with Shift_JIS code.
<dt>-e
<dd>Display documents with EUC_JP code.
<dt>-j
<dd>Display documents with ISO-2022-JP code.
<dt>-T type
<dd>Specify document type. Without this option, document type
is determined from extension of a file. If the determination
fails, the document is regarded as text/plain.
<p>
Example:<br>
Read HTML document from standard input and display it
<pre>
cat hoge.html | w3m -T text/html
</pre>
<p>
Display HTML source
<pre>
w3m -T text/plain hoge.html
</pre>
<dt>-m
<dd>Display document with Internet message mode.
With this option, w3m determines document type from header information.
It is useful when reading E-mail or NetNews messages.
<dt>-v
<dd>visual startup mode.
<dt>-B
<dd>Show the bookmark.
<dt>-bookmark file
<dd>Specify bookmark file.
<dt>-M
<dd>Monochrome display mode.
<dt>-F
<dd>Automatically render frame.
<dt>-S
<dd>Squeeze blank lines.
<dt>-X
<dd>Upon exit, do not display preserved screen.
<dt>-W
<dd>Toggle wrap search mode.
<dt>-o option=value
<dd>Specify option. The option names and values are
same as that appears in ~/.w3m/config.
<dt>-cookie
<dd>Process cookies.
<dt>-no-cookie
<dd>Don't process cookies.
<dt>-pauth username:password
<dd>Set username and password for (basic) proxy authentication.
<dt>-num
<dd>Show linenumber.
<dt>-dump
<dd>Read document specified by URL and dump formatted text into standard
output. The width of the document become 80. This width can be overridden
with -cols option.
<dt>-cols width
<dd>Specify document width. Used with -dump option.
<dt>-ppc count
<dd> Specify the number of pixels per character (default 8.0). Larger
values will make tables narrower.
<dt>-dump_source
<dd>Read document specified by URL and dump the source.
<dt>-dump_head
<dd>Read document specified by URL and dump headers.
<dt>-dump_both
<dd>Read document specified by URL and dump headers and the source.
<dt>-dump_extra
<dd>Read document specified by URL and dump extra informations, headers and the source.
<dt>-post file
<dd>use POST method with file content.
<dt>-header string
<dd>insert string as a header.
<dt>-no-proxy
<dd>Don't use proxy server.
<dt>-no-graph
<dd>Don't use graphic character to draw frames.
<dt>-no-mouse
<dd>Don't activate mouse.
<dt>-config file
<dd>specify config file.
</dl>
<hr>
<a name="Color"></a>
<h2>Document color</h2>
Links and images are displayed as follows.
<div align="center">
<table border="1">
<tr><th>&nbsp;</th><th>Color mode</th><th>Monochrome mode</th></tr>
<tr><td>links</td><td>blue</td><td>underline</td></tr>
<tr><td>inline images</td><td>green</td><td>reverse</td></tr>
<tr><td>form input</td><td>red</td><td>reverse</td></tr>
</table>
</div>
These colors can be customized using option setting command "o".
<hr>
<a name="Key:orig"></a>
<h2>Key binding</h2>
After invocation, you can operate w3m by one-character commands from
the keyboard.
<P>
Here's the original key-binding table. If you are using Lynx-like key
bindings, see <a href="#Key:lynx">the Lynx-like key binding</a>.
<H3>Page/Cursor motion</H3>
<table>
<TR><TD WIDTH=100>SPC,C-v<TD>Forward page
<TR><TD>b,ESC v<TD>Backward page
<TR><TD>l,C-f<TD>Cursor right
<TR><TD>h,C-b<TD>Cursor left
<TR><TD>j,C-n<TD>Cursor down
<TR><TD>k,C-p<TD>Cursor up
<TR><TD>J<TD>Roll up one line
<TR><TD>K<TD>Roll down one line
<TR><TD>^,C-a<TD>Go to the beginning of line
<TR><TD>$,C-e<TD>Go to the end of line
<TR><TD>w<TD>Go to next word
<TR><TD>W<TD>Go to previous word
<TR><TD>&gt;<TD>Shift screen right
<TR><TD>&lt;<TD>Shift screen left
<TR><TD>.<TD>Shift screen one column right
<TR><TD>,<TD>Shift screen one column left
<TR><TD>g,M-&lt;<TD>Go to the first line
<TR><TD>G,M-&gt;<TD>Go to the last line
<TR><TD>ESC g<TD>Go to specified line
<TR><TD>Z<TD>Move to the center line
<TR><TD>z<TD>Move to the center column
<TR><TD>TAB<TD>Move to next hyperlink
<TR><TD>C-u,ESC TAB<TD>Move to previous hyperlink
<TR><TD>[<TD>Move to the first hyperlink
<TR><TD>]<TD>Move to the last hyperlink
</table>
<H3>Hyperlink operation</H3>
<table>
<TR><TD WIDTH=100>RET<TD>Follow hyperlink
<TR><TD>a, ESC RET<TD>Save link to file
<TR><TD>u<TD>Peek link URL
<TR><TD>i<TD>Peek image URL
<TR><TD>I<TD>View inline image
<TR><TD>ESC I<TD>Save inline image to file
<TR><TD>:<TD>Mark URL-like strings as anchors
<TR><TD>ESC :<TD>Mark Message-ID-like strings as news anchors
<TR><TD>c<TD>Peek current URL
<TR><TD>=<TD>Display information about current document
<TR><TD>C-g<TD>Show current line number
<TR><TD>C-h<TD>View history of URL
<TR><TD>F<TD>Render frame
<TR><TD>M<TD>Browse current document using external browser
(use 2M and 3M to invoke second and third browser)
<TR><TD>ESC M<TD>Browse link using external browser
(use 2ESC M and 3ESC M to invoke second and third browser)
</table>
<H3>File/Stream operation</H3>
<table>
<TR><TD WIDTH=100>U<TD>Open URL
<TR><TD>V<TD>View new file
<TR><TD>@<TD>Execute shell command and load
<TR><TD>#<TD>Execute shell command and browse
</table>
<H3>Buffer operation</H3>
<table>
<TR><TD WIDTH=100>B<TD>Back to the previous buffer
<TR><TD>v<TD>View HTML source
<TR><TD>s<TD>Select buffer
<TR><TD>E<TD>Edit buffer source
<TR><TD>C-l<TD>Redraw screen
<TR><TD>R<TD>Reload buffer
<TR><TD>S<TD>Save buffer
<TR><TD>ESC s<TD>Save source
<TR><TD>ESC e<TD>Edit buffer image
</table>
<H3>Buffer selection mode</H3>
<table>
<TR><TD WIDTH=100>k, C-p<TD>Select previous buffer
<TR><TD>j, C-n<TD>Select next buffer
<TR><TD>D<TD>Delect current buffer
<TR><TD>RET<TD>Go to the selected buffer
</table>
<H3>Bookmark operation</H3>
<table>
<TR><TD WIDTH=100>ESC b<TD>Load bookmark
<TR><TD>ESC a<TD>Add current to bookmark
</table>
<H3>Search</H3>
<table>
<TR><TD WIDTH=100>/,C-s<TD>Search forward
<TR><TD>?,C-r<TD>Search backward
<TR><TD>n<TD>Search next
<TR><TD>N<TD>Search previous
<TR><TD>C-w<TD>Toggle wrap search mode
</table>
<H3>Mark operation</H3>
<table>
<TR><TD WIDTH=100>C-SPC<TD>Set/unset mark
<TR><TD>ESC p<TD>Go to previous mark
<TR><TD>ESC n<TD>Go to next mark
<TR><TD>"<TD>Mark by regular expression
</table>
<H3>Miscellany</H3>
<table>
<TR><TD WIDTH=100>!<TD>Execute shell command
<TR><TD>H<TD>Help (load this file)
<TR><TD>o<TD>Set option
<TR><TD>C-k<TD>Show cookie jar
<TR><TD>C-c<TD>Stop
<TR><TD>C-z<TD>Suspend
<TR><TD>q<TD>Quit (with confirmation, if you like)
<TR><TD>Q<TD>Quit without confirmation
</table>
<H3>Line-edit mode</H3>
<table>
<TR><TD WIDTH=100>C-f<TD>Move cursor forward
<TR><TD>C-b<TD>Move cursor backward
<TR><TD>C-h<TD>Delete previous character
<TR><TD>C-d<TD>Delete current character
<TR><TD>C-k<TD>Kill everything after cursor
<TR><TD>C-u<TD>Kill everything before cursor
<TR><TD>C-a<TD>Move to the top of line
<TR><TD>C-e<TD>Move to the bottom of line
<TR><TD>C-p<TD>Fetch the previous string from the history list
<TR><TD>C-n<TD>Fetch the next string from the history list
<TR><TD>TAB,SPC<TD>Complete filename
<TR><TD>RETURN<TD>Accept
</table>
<hr>
<a name="Key:lynx"></a>
<h2>Lynx-like key binding</h2>
If you have chosen `Lynx-like key binding' at the compile time,
you can use the following key binding.
<H3>Page/Cursor motion</H3>
<table>
<TR><TD WIDTH=100>SPC,C-v,+<TD>Forward page
<TR><TD>b,ESC v,-<TD>Previous page
<TR><TD>l<TD>Cursor right
<TR><TD>h<TD>Cursor left
<TR><TD>j<TD>Cursor down
<TR><TD>k<TD>Cursor up
<TR><TD>J<TD>Roll up one line
<TR><TD>K<TD>Roll down one line
<TR><TD>^<TD>Go to the beginning of line
<TR><TD>$<TD>Go to the end of line
<TR><TD>&gt;<TD>Shift screen right
<TR><TD>&lt;<TD>Shift screen left
<TR><TD>C-a<TD>Go to the first line
<TR><TD>C-e<TD>Go to the last line
<TR><TD>G<TD>Go to the specified line
<TR><TD>Z<TD>Move to the center line
<TR><TD>z<TD>Move to the center column
<TR><TD>TAB,C-n,Down arrow<TD>Move to next hyperlink
<TR><TD>ESC TAB,C-p,Up arrow<TD>Move to previous link
<TR><TD>C-g<TD>Show current page position
</table>
<H2>Hyperlink operation</H2>
<table>
<TR><TD WIDTH=100>RET, C-f, Right arrow<TD>Follow hyperlink
<TR><TD>d, ESC RET<TD>Save link to file
<TR><TD>u<TD>Peek link URL
<TR><TD>i<TD>Peek image URL
<TR><TD>I<TD>View inline image
<TR><TD>ESC I<TD>Save inline image to file
<TR><TD>:<TD>Mark URL-like strings as anchors
<TR><TD>ESC :<TD>Mark Message-ID-like strings as news anchors
<TR><TD>c<TD>Peek current URL
<TR><TD>=<TD>Display information about current document
<TR><TD>C-h<TD>View history of URL
<TR><TD>F<TD>Render frame
<TR><TD>M<TD>Browse current document using external browser
(use 2M and 3M to invoke second and third browser)
<TR><TD>ESC M<TD>Browse link using external browser
(use 2ESC M and 3ESC M to invoke second and third browser)
</table>
<H2>File/Stream operation</H2>
<table>
<TR><TD WIDTH=100>g,U<TD>Open URL
<TR><TD>V<TD>View new file
<TR><TD>@<TD>Execute shell command and load
<TR><TD>#<TD>Execute shell command and browse
</table>
<H2>Buffer operation</H2>
<table>
<TR><TD WIDTH=100>B, C-b, Left arrow<TD>Back to the previous buffer
<TR><TD>\<TD>View HTML source
<TR><TD>s, C-h<TD>Select buffer
<TR><TD>E<TD>Edit buffer source
<TR><TD>C-l, C-w<TD>Redraw screen
<TR><TD>R, C-r<TD>Reload buffer
<TR><TD>S, p<TD>Save buffer
<TR><TD>ESC s<TD>Save source
<TR><TD>ESC e<TD>Edit buffer image
</table>
<H2>Buffer selection mode</H2>
<table>
<TR><TD WIDTH=100>k, C-p<TD>Select previous buffer
<TR><TD>j, C-n<TD>Select next buffer
<TR><TD>D<TD>Delect current buffer
<TR><TD>RET<TD>Go to the selected buffer
</table>
<H2>Bookmark operation</H2>
<table>
<TR><TD WIDTH=100>v, ESC b<TD>Load bookmark
<TR><TD>a, ESC a<TD>Add current to bookmark
</table>
<H2>Search</H2>
<table>
<TR><TD WIDTH=100>/, C-s<TD>Search forward
<TR><TD>n<TD>Search next
<TR><TD>w<TD>Toggle wrap search mode
</table>
<H2>Mark operation</H2>
<table>
<TR><TD WIDTH=100>C-SPC<TD>Set/unset mark
<TR><TD>P<TD>Go to previous mark
<TR><TD>N<TD>Go to next mark
<TR><TD>"<TD>Mark by regular expression
</table>
<H2>Miscellany</H2>
<table>
<TR><TD WIDTH=100>!<TD>Execute shell command
<TR><TD>H, ?<TD>Help (load this file)
<TR><TD>o<TD>Set option
<TR><TD>C-k<TD>Show cookie jar
<TR><TD>C-c<TD>Stop
<TR><TD>C-z<TD>Suspend
<TR><TD>q<TD>Quit (with confirmation, if you like)
<TR><TD>Q<TD>Quit without confirmation
</table>
<H2>Line-edit mode</H2>
<table>
<TR><TD WIDTH=100>C-f<TD>Move cursor forward
<TR><TD>C-b<TD>Move cursor backward
<TR><TD>C-h<TD>Delete previous character
<TR><TD>C-d<TD>Delete current character
<TR><TD>C-k<TD>Kill everything after cursor
<TR><TD>C-u<TD>Kill everything before cursor
<TR><TD>C-a<TD>Move to the top of line
<TR><TD>C-e<TD>Move to the bottom of line
<TR><TD>C-p<TD>Fetch the previous string from the history list
<TR><TD>C-n<TD>Fetch the next string from the history list
<TR><TD>TAB,SPC<TD>Complete filename
<TR><TD>RETURN<TD>Accept
</table>
<hr>
<a name="Mouse"></a>
<h2>Mouse operation</h2>
If w3m is compiled with mouse option and you are using
xterm/kterm/rxvt (in this case, you have to set the TERM
environment variable to `xterm' or `kterm'.) or GPM
environment, you can use mouse
for the navigation.
<p>
<table border=0>
<tr><td>left click
<td>Move the cursor to the place pointed by the mouse cursor.
If you click the cursor and it is on an anchor, follow the anchor.
<tr><td>middle click
<td>Back to the previous buffer.
<tr><td>right click
<td>Open pop-up menu. You can choose an item by clicking it.
<tr><td>left drag
<td>Scroll document. The default behavior is to grab the document
and drag it. You can reverse the behavior (grab the window and drag it)
with the option setting panel.
</table>
<p>
<hr>
<a name="Key:custom"></a>
<h2>Key customization</h2>
You can customize the key binding (except line-editing keymap)
by describing ~/.w3m/keymap. For example,
<pre>
keymap C-o NEXT_PAGE
</pre>
binds `NEXT_PAGE' function (normally bound to SPC and C-v)
to control-o. See <a href="README.func">README.func</a> for
list of available functions. Original and Lynx-like keymap
definitions are provided (<a href="keymap.default">keymap.default</a>
and <a href="keymap.lynx">keymap.lynx</a>) as examples.
<hr>
<a name="LocalCGI"></a>
<h2>Local CGI</h2>
You can run CGI scripts using w3m, without any HTTP server.
It means that w3m behaves like an HTTP server and activates CGI script,
then w3m reads the output of the script and display it. The
<a href="file:///$LIB/w3mbookmark?mode=panel&bmark=~/.w3m/bookmark.html&url=MANUAL.html&title=w3m+manual">bookmark registration</a>
and <a href="file:///$LIB/w3mhelperpanel?mode=panel">helper-app editor</a>
are realized as local CGI scripts.
Using local CGI, w3m can be used as a general purpose form interface.
<P>
For security reason, CGI scripts invoked by w3m must be in one of
these directories.
<ul>
<li>The directory where w3m-related files are stored
(typically /usr/local/lib/w3m). This directory can be referred
as $LIB.
<li>/cgi-bin/ directory. You can map /cgi-bin/ to any directory you like
with option setting panel (``Directory corresponds to /cgi-bin'' field).
You can specify multiple paths separated by `:', like
/usr/local/cgi-bin:/home/aito/cgi-bin. To use /cgi-bin/ directory,
you must use file:/cgi-bin URL as follows:
<pre>
w3m -o cgi_bin=/path/to/cgi-bin file:/cgi-bin/script.cgi
</pre>
It is not recommended to include current directory to this path.
</ul>
<p>
The CGI script can use special header `w3m-control:' to control w3m.
This field can take any function (see <a href="README.func">README.func</a>),
and the specified function is invoked after the document is displayed.
For example, The CGI output
<pre>
Content-Type: text/plain
W3m-control: BACK
</pre>
will display blank page and delete that buffer immediately.
This is useful when you don't want to display any page after
the script is invoked. The next example
<pre>
Content-Type: text/plain
W3m-control: DELETE_PREVBUF
contents.....
</pre>
will override the current buffer.
<p>
One w3m-control: header have to contain only one function, but you can
include more than one w3m-control: lines in the HTTP header.
In addition, you can specify an argument to GOTO function:
<pre>
Content-Type: text/plain
W3m-control: GOTO http://www.yahoo.com/
</pre>
This example works exactly the same way to the Location header:
<pre>
Content-Type: text/plain
Location: http://www.yahoo.com/
</pre>
Note that this header has no effect when the CGI script is invoked
through HTTP server.
</body>
</html>

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w3m: WWW wo Miru Tool version 0.5.1 April 29, 2004
(C) Copyright Akinori ITO
Hironori SAKAMOTO
Fumitoshi UKAI
1. Introduction
w3m is a pager with WWW capability. It IS a pager, but it can be
used as a text-mode WWW browser.
The features of w3m are as follows:
* When reading HTML document, you can follow links and view images
(using external image viewer).
* It has 'internet message mode', which determines the type of document
from header. If the Content-Type: field of the document is text/html,
that document is displayed as HTML document.
* You can change URL description like 'http://hogege.net' in plain text
into link to that URL.
Current problems are:
* Online manuals are poor.
w3m is known to work on these platforms.
SunOS 4.1.x
HP-UX 9.x, 10.x
Solaris 2.5.x, 2.6, 8, 9
Linux 2.0.*/2.2.*/2.4.*/2.6.*
FreeBSD 2.2.8, 3.1, 3.2, 4.6
NetBSD/macppc, m68k
EWS4800 Rel.12.2 Rev.A
Digital UNIX: v3.2D, v4.0D
IRIX 5.3, IRIX 6.5
OS/2 with emx
Windows 9x/NT with Cygwin b20.1, 1.1.x, 1.3.x
MS-DOS with DJGPP and WATT32 packet driver
MacOS X Server
MacOS X 10.1, 10.2
2. Installation
Follow these instructions to install w3m.
- You need latest version of GC library (at least 6.1?).
You can get GC library from
http://www.hpl.hp.com/personal/Hans_Boehm/gc/gc_source/
Note: if you're using GC library 6.1, you should install gc.h
to PREFIX/include:
# cp gc-6.1/include/gc.h PREFIX/include
- Run configure.
% ./configure
- do make
% make
- do make install
# make install
MACHINE/OS specific notices:
HP-UX
If you want to use HP C compiler, answer
Input your favorite C-compiler.
(Default: cc) cc -Aa -D_HPUX_SOURCE
If you use just 'cc' without options, you can't compile w3m.
If you are using gcc, no option is needed.
OS/2
You can compile w3m using emx. First you have to do
is to compile GC library with
cd gc
make -f EMX_MAKEFILE
then compile w3m. I heard that OS/2 console can't
display color, you had better compile w3m without
color capability.
Windows
To compile w3m on MS-Windows, you have to use Cygwin with
development tools.
Read README.cygwin for more details.
3. Copyright
(C) Copyright 1994-2002 by Akinori Ito
(C) Copyright 2002-2004 by Akinori Ito, Hironori Sakamoto, Fumitoshi Ukai
4. License
Use, modification and redistribution of this software is hereby granted,
provided that this entire copyright notice is included on any copies of
this software and applications and derivations thereof.
This software is provided on an "as is" basis, without warranty of any
kind, either expressed or implied, as to any matter including, but not
limited to warranty of fitness of purpose, or merchantability, or
results obtained from use of this software.
5. Author
Initial author:
Akinori Ito
Faculty of Engineering, Yamagata University
aito@fw.ipsj.or.jp
Current Maintainer
Fumitoshi UKAI
Debian Project
ukai@debian.or.jp
Feel free to send your opinion to the w3m mailing-lists.
w3m-dev@mi.med.tohoku.ac.jp (Japanese)
w3m-dev-en@mi.med.tohoku.ac.jp (English)
http://w3m.sourceforge.net/

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Using w3m on Cygwin
2003/02/20
Katsuyuki Watanabe
Dai Sato
You can use w3m on Windows with a UNIX compatible environment "Cygwin". For
detailed information of Cygwin, See http://cygwin.com/.
Build
After w3m-0.2, patches for Cygwin have been marged to w3m packages. If you use
cygwin-1.1.4 or later, w3m shuould be build without any problems.
(*) on Cygwin B20.1, you should add -luser32 to LOCAL_LIBRARIES
The newest version of termcap and ncurses package are recomended. Especially,
older versions of termcap have bugs in the entry for Cygwin which make the
screen collapsed. The problem was fixed in termcap-20001020-1.
Please make sure to execute ./configure before the make. The macros explained
in "Macros" are defined by ./configure, and they are nessary to make this
package. When you have some problem in making w3m, please check the points
below:
o Do make veryclean, then exec ./configure && make.
o Check gcc and binutils are properly installed. setup.exe might have
finished without reporting any errors, though the download of package
files was end in failure. In this case, you should try to setup again.
Using Cygwin with Win95/98/ME, configure will not run correctly when
environment variable CYGWIN includes "ntsec" and/or "ntea", because shell
scripts will not have executable attribute. It is recomended to remove "ntsec"
and "ntea" from environment variable CYGWIN to load cygwin1.dll for the first
time.
Macros
The macros below are defined in config.h for Cygwin environment.
USE_BINMODE_STREAM
With -dump, -dump_{head,source,both,extra} option, output to stdout are
done in binary mode. It might not been needed with cygwin-1.3.11 or later,
but remained for safe.
In common with Cygwin and EMX.
SUPPORT_DOS_DRIVE_PREFIX
The path names are handled as file names when they includes drive letters
like "C:", "C:/", "file://C:/", "file://C|/", and so on.
In common with Cygwin and EMX.
SUPPORT_NETBIOS_SHARE
URIs of common resources of NETBIOS in "//NETBIOSHOST/SHARE/PATH",
"file://NETBIOSHOST/SHARE/PATH" format are handled as file: schema instead
of ftp: schema.
Only for Cygwin environments.
SUPPORT_WIN9X_CONSOLE_MBCS
Search and line input to forms are supported. But input through IME is
available only with the local console when TERM=cygwin, and environment
variable CYGWIN is not include "tty". The restrictions avoid the problems
of the DOS prompt of Win9x and tty layer of Cygwin. For WinNT, the macro
doesn't change any behavior of w3m, IME is always available with local
consoles.
Only for Cygwin environments and LANG=JA.
Cooperation with Native Applications
When calling the Win32 Native Abblications, "File not found" errors might be
raised because of difference in formats of path name between Win32 and UNIX.
Local CGIs
Local CGIs in $LIB (/usr/local/lib/w3m/cgi-bin by default) use /usr/bin/perl.
If you want to use ActivePerl (a native application) and so on, please modify
the each scripts in $LIB with wrapper scripts as follows:
------ /usr/local/bin/winperl ------
#!/bin/sh
# wrapper script for Win32 Native Perl
PERL=/cygdrive/c/Perl/bin/perl.exe
case $1 in
-*)
;;
*)
SCRIPT=`cygpath -w $1`
shift
;;
esac
exec "$PERL" "$SCRIPT" $@
------------------------------------
Where the PERL= is the path of Native Perl in Cygwin context. cygpath
utilities come with Cygwin packages.
For directory listing, when "Use external program for directory listing" is
set "NO", you can browse the directory list without local CGIs.
Editors
w3m uses external editors to operate texts textareas and so on. You can use
any native application as the external editor with the script as below:
------ /usr/local/lib/w3m/winedit ------
#!/bin/sh
EDITOR='/cygdrive/c/Program Files/sakura/sakura.exe'
FILE=`cygpath -a -w $1`
exec "$EDITOR" "$FILE"
----------------------------------------
Where the EDITOR= is the path of Native editor in Cygwin context.
If you use inetd as a service in WinNT and connect to localhost by telnet,
the windows will be opened only if "Allow service to interact with the
desktop" is ON.
Known Bugs
LF is converted to CR+LF when use -dump or -dump-source options.
Make sure USE_BINMODE_STREAM was defined in compilation. Try to
re-configure and make, or set binmode to the environment variable CYGWIN.
Can't input through IME in DOS prompt of Win9x.
When "tty" is included in the environment variable CYGWIN, it is not
permitted to avoid problems in tty layer of Cygwin. Remove "tty" from
CYGWIN.
Cursor keys doesn't work when IME is ON in DOS prompt of Win9x.
This is the problem of DOS prompt of Win9x and tty layer of Cygwin. Use
C-f, C-b, C-p, and C-n instead.
Screen is not controled correctly in command prompt of WinNT.
Set the each size of screen buffer and window in a same value.
Can't use the mouse with DOS prompt or command prompt.
When "Quick Edit" is ON, mouse events are not handed to w3m. Set it OFF.
Mouse buttons behave funny with DOS prompt or command prompt.
In cygwin-1.3.15 or earlier, the escape sequence of the right and center
button of the mouse are inverted. It is fixed in cygwin-1.3.16-1. Please
make w3m in the environment you use, because w3m can't judge the versions
of Cygwin perfectly,
Others
In Cygwin environment, it should be confortable to use not DOS prompt or
command prompt but telnet clients like TeraTerm, PuTTY, and so on with inetd
in localhost, or other tools as rxvt or cygterm.
o rxvt with japanese enhancement:
rxvt on Cygwin
http://hp.vector.co.jp/authors/VA021953/rxvt/
compiled package
http://matsu-www.is.titech.ac.jp/~sohda/cygwin/dist/
o cygterm:
CygTerm - Yet another Cygwin console
http://www.dd.iij4u.or.jp/~nsym/cygwin/cygterm/

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Dictionary look-up hack for w3m
1. INTRODUCTION
If you have dictionary look-up command (like 'webster'), you can
look a word in a document using w3m. This dictionary-lookup code
was contributed by `Rubikitch' (rubikitch@ruby-lang.org), and
further modifed by Tushar Samant (scribble at pobox.com).
2. INSTALLATION
To make use of dictionary look-up, you currently must change a
compile option by hand. After running configure, edit config.h
and change
#undef USE_DICT
to
#define USE_DICT
and recompile w3me (i.e. type "make install").
Note that w3m/0.3+cvs-1.373 or later, USE_DICT is defined by default.
Then find or install a CGI program which takes a word as a query
string and prints a response.
Some ways to do this would be:
* If you have the 'webster' command, put something like this
in a script called 'w3mdict':
#!/bin/sh
echo Content-type: text/plain
echo
webster $QUERY_STRING
Then install w3mdict as a local CGI (see the local CGI section
of the w3m manual), and set your dictionary options from the
options page of w3m (usually invoked with "o").
* If you want this function to look a word up on Google instead,
write a local CGI script like this:
#!/bin/sh
google_q='http://google.com/search?btnG=Google&q'
cat <<_END_
Content-type: text/plain
W3m-control: GOTO $google_q=$QUERY_STRING
W3m-control: DELETE_PREVBUF
_END_
and set its path as your dictionary-lookup URL option.
3. USAGE
You can use the following two commands:
ESC w Input a word and look it up using w3mdict command.
ESC W look up the current word in the buffer.
To change these keys, edit ~/.w3m/keymap and edit lines for the
functions DICT_WORD and DICT_WORD_AT respectively.

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ABORT Quit w3m without confirmation
ACCESSSKEY Popup acceskey menu
ADD_BOOKMARK Add current page to bookmark
ALARM Set alarm
BACK Back to previous buffer
BEGIN Go to the first line
BOOKMARK Read bookmark
CENTER_H Move to the center line
CENTER_V Move to the center column
CHARSET Change the current document charset
CLOSE_TAB Close current tab
CLOSE_TAB_MOUSE Close tab on mouse cursor (for mouse action)
COMMAND Execute w3m command(s)
COOKIE View cookie list
DEFAULT_CHARSET Change the default document charset
DEFINE_KEY Define a binding between a key stroke and a user command
DELETE_PREVBUF Delete previous buffer (mainly for local-CGI)
DICT_WORD Execute dictionary command (see README.dict)
DICT_WORD_AT Execute dictionary command for word at cursor
DISPLAY_IMAGE Restart loading and drawing of images
DOWN Scroll down one line
DOWNLOAD Save document source to file
DOWNLOAD_LIST Display download list panel
EDIT Edit current document
EDIT_SCREEN Edit currently rendered document
END Go to the last line
EXEC_SHELL Execute shell command
EXIT Quit w3m without confirmation
EXTERN Execute external browser
EXTERN_LINK View current link using external browser
FRAME Render frame
GOTO Go to URL
GOTO_LINE Go to specified line
GOTO_LINK Go to current link
GOTO_RELATIVE Go to relative URL
HELP View help
HISTORY View history of URL
INFO View info of current document
INTERRUPT Stop loading document
INIT_MAILCAP Reread mailcap (mainly for local-CGI)
ISEARCH Incremental search forward
ISEARCH_BACK Incremental search backward
LEFT Shift screen one column
LINE_BEGIN Go to the beginning of line
LINE_END Go to the end of line
LINE_INFO Show current line number
LINK_BEGIN Go to the first link
LINK_END Go to the last link
LINK_MENU Popup link element menu
LIST Show all links and images
LIST_MENU Popup link list menu and go to selected link
LOAD Load local file
MAIN_MENU Popup menu
MARK Set/unset mark
MARK_MID Mark Message-ID-like strings as anchors
MARK_URL Mark URL-like strings as anchors
MARK_WORD Mark current word as anchor
MENU Popup menu
MENU_MOUSE Popup menu at mouse cursor (for mouse action)
MOUSE_TOGGLE Toggle activity of mouse
MOVE_DOWN Move cursor down (a half screen scroll at the end of screen)
MOVE_DOWN1 Move cursor down (1 line scroll at the end of screen)
MOVE_LEFT Move cursor left (a half screen shift at the left edge)
MOVE_LEFT1 Move cursor left (1 columns shift at the left edge)
MOVE_LIST_MENU Popup link list menu and move cursor to selected link
MOVE_MOUSE Move cursor to mouse cursor (for mouse action)
MOVE_RIGHT Move cursor right (a half screen shift at the right edge)
MOVE_RIGHT1 Move cursor right (1 columns shift at the right edge)
MOVE_UP Move cursor up (a half screen scroll at the top of screen)
MOVE_UP1 Move cursor up (1 line scrol at the top of screen)
MSGS Display error messages
NEW_TAB Open new tab
NEXT Move to next buffer
NEXT_DOWN Move to next downward link
NEXT_LEFT Move to next left link
NEXT_LEFT_UP Move to next left (or upward) link
NEXT_LINK Move to next link
NEXT_MARK Move to next word
NEXT_PAGE Move to next page
NEXT_RIGHT Move to next right link
NEXT_RIGHT_DOWN Move to next right (or downward) link
NEXT_TAB Move to next tab
NEXT_UP Move to next upward link
NEXT_VISITED Move to next visited link
NEXT_WORD Move to next word
NOTHING Do nothing
NULL Do nothing
OPTIONS Option setting panel
PEEK Peek current URL
PEEK_IMG Peek image URL
PEEK_LINK Peek link URL
PIPE_BUF Send rendered document to pipe
PIPE_SHELL Execute shell command and browse
PREV Move to previous buffer
PREV_LINK Move to previous link
PREV_MARK Move to previous mark
PREV_PAGE Move to previous page
PREV_TAB Move to previous tab
PREV_VISITED Move to previous visited link
PREV_WORD Move to previous word
PRINT Save buffer to file
QUIT Quit w3m
READ_SHELL Execute shell command and load
REDO Cancel the last undo
REDRAW Redraw screen
REG_MARK Set mark using regexp
REINIT Reload configuration files
RELOAD Reload buffer
RESHAPE Re-render buffer
RIGHT Shift screen one column right
SAVE Save document source to file
SAVE_IMAGE Save image to file
SAVE_LINK Save link to file
SAVE_SCREEN Save rendered document to file
SEARCH Search forward
SEARCH_BACK Search backward
SEARCH_FORE Search forward
SEARCH_NEXT Search next regexp
SEARCH_PREV Search previous regexp
SELECT Go to buffer selection panel
SELECT_MENU Popup buffer selection menu
SETENV Set environment variable
SET_OPTION Set option
SHELL Execute shell command
SHIFT_LEFT Shift screen left
SHIFT_RIGHT Shift screen right
SOURCE View HTML source
STOP_IMAGE Stop loading and drawing of images
SUBMIT Submit form
SUSPEND Stop loading document
TAB_GOTO Open URL on new tab
TAB_GOTO_RELATIVE Open relative URL on new tab
TAB_LEFT Move current tab left
TAB_LINK Open current link on new tab
TAB_MENU Popup tab selection menu
TAB_MOUSE Move to tab on mouse cursor (for mouse action)
TAB_RIGHT Move current tab right
UNDO Cancel the last cursor movement
UP Scroll up one line
VERSION Display version of w3m
VIEW View HTML source
VIEW_BOOKMARK View bookmark
VIEW_IMAGE View image
WHEREIS Search forward
WRAP_TOGGLE Toggle wrap search mode

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Inline image support of w3m
2002/02/04
H. Sakamoto
2002/10/16
H. Ito
Introduction
This is the extension for w3m to support inline image.
Support
* Display inline image (GIF,PNG,JPEG, etc.) on terminals
(xterm,rxvt, etc.) of X11 or Linux framebuffer device.
* Support inline image of <img> tag.
Support of attributes "width", "height", and "align".
* Direct display of image file which header is "Content-type: image/*"
* Support of <map> tag.
Support of attributes "shape" and "coords" of <area> tag.
* Support of an attribute "ismap" of <img> tag.
"w3m" adds coordinate of the cursor as ?<x>,<y> to url, and sends url.
* Support of an attribute "type=image" of <input> tag.
"w3m" sends coordinate of the cursor as <name>.x=<x>&<name>.y=<y>.
* Asynchronous loading of image files.
* Using cache of image file as pixmap.
* Support of GIF animation when use GdkPixbuf.
Key functions
DISPLAY_IMAGE
Restart loading and drawing of images.
STOP_IMAGE
Stop loading and drawing of images in the current buffer.
SET_OPTION display_image=toggle
Toggle loading and drawing of images.
These functions are not keybinded as default.
Specify the following keymaps in ~/.w3m/keymap.
keymap X DISPLAY_IMAGE
keymap C-c STOP_IMAGE
keyamp t SET_OPTION display_image=toggle
Comandline options
-ppc <pixel>
# of pixels per character. The default value is automatically
detected. Must fit the width of font of terminal.
-ppl <pixel>
# of pixels per character. The default value is automatically
detected. Must fit the height of font of terminal.
Option panel
pixel_per_char
# of pixels per character. The default value is automatically
detected. Must fit the width of font of terminal.
pixel_per_line
# of pixels per character. The default value is automatically
detected. Must fit the height of font of terminal.
display_image
Display of inline image. The default is ON.
auto_image
Automatic loading of inline image. The default is ON.
If it is OFF, loading starts with a command DISPLAY_IMAGE.
max_load_image
Maximum process for downloading of inline image. The default is 4.
1 to 8 can be set.
ext_image_viewer
Use external image viewer, when a command VIEW_IMAGE or
view of image file which header is "Content-type: image/*".
The default is ON. If it is OFF, the image is directly displaied.
image_scale
Scale of image (%). The default value is 100(%).
imgdisplay
External command to display image". The default value is "w3mimgdisplay".
See "Setting w3mimgdisplay".
Required programs
for X11
* GdkPixbuf-0.16 or later
or
* w3m-0.2.5+cvs-1.287 or later
http://w3m.sourceforge.net/
http://sourceforge.net/projects/w3m/
http://prdownloads.sourceforge.net/w3m/
* Imlib-1.9.8 (1.9.10 is recommendable.)
libungif-4.1.0b1 is recommendable.
for Linux framebuffer device
* GdkPixbuf-0.16 or later
or
* Imlib2-1.0.6 or later
* Framebuffer device(packed pixels with 8 bpp pseudocolor
and 16/24/32 bpp truecolor/directcolor)
Setting w3mimgdisplay
"w3mimgdisplay" has the following options. Set options to fit terminal.
-x <offset_x>
The X origin of display of image on terminal. The default value
for X11 is 2.
If the terminal is "xterm", the width of scroll bar is added.
If the terminal is "Eterm", it may be better to specify 5.
The default value for Linux framebuffer device is 0.
-y <offset_y>
The Y origin of display of image on terminal. The default value
for X11 is 2.
If the terminal is "Eterm", it may be better to specify 5.
The default value for Linux framebuffer device is 0.
-bg <background>
Background color of terminal. The default value for X11 is
automatically detected.
The default value for Linux framebuffer device is #000000 (black).
When the color is specified as #RRGGBB, escape '#'.
ex.)
w3m -o 'imgdisplay=w3mimgdisplay -x 5 -bg "#cccccc"'
Notice
If you want to see GIF animation, please hit a suitable key, such
as 'h', 'l', etc., repeatedly, because a frame is rewritten
according to the re-drawing demand from w3m.
Some code in w3mimg/fb/fb.c was originally written by Mr. Yamasaki.
http://www.sainet.or.jp/~yamasaki/download/fb-sample.tar.gz
Change log
2002/02/04
* Revised this document.
2002/02/01 w3m-0.2.5+cvs-1.287
* Merged in the CVS repository of the original w3m.
2002/01/31 w3m-0.2.4-img-2.2
* Based on w3m-0.2.4+cvs-1.278.
2002/01/29 w3m-0.2.4-img-2.1
* Based on w3m-0.2.4+cvs-1.268.
2002/01/28 w3m-0.2.4-img-2.0
* Based on w3m-0.2.4+cvs-1.265.
* pixel_per_char and pixel_per_line are automatically detected.
* The bckground color of terminal is automatically detected.
* The source code to display images is moved to image.c
2002/01/08 w3m-0.2.4-img-1.18
* Based on w3m-0.2.4
2001/12/29 w3m-0.2.3.2-img-1.17
* Based on w3m-0.2.3.2+cvs-1.196.
2001/12/25 w3m-0.2.3.2-img-1.16.1
* [w3m-dev 02698] Thanks > Kazuhiko-san
2001/12/22 w3m-0.2.3.2-img-1.16
* Based on w3m-0.2.3.2.
2001/12/20 w3m-0.2.3.1-img-1.15
* Based on w3m-0.2.3.1.
* Support display of image with Content-Transfer-Encoding.
2001/11/29
* Start merge against CVS source (ChangeLog 1.71)
2001/11/17 w3m-0.2.2-img-1.14
* Based on w3m-0.2.2.
2001/11/14 w3m-0.2.1-inu-1.6-img-1.13
* Based on w3m-0.2.1-inu-1.6.
2001/11/05 w3m-0.2.1-inu-1.5-img-1.12
* Based on w3m-0.2.1-inu-1.5.
* Fixed the bug for <area>, <map>.
* Fixed the problem with xwnmo on kterm.
2001/10/03 w3m-0.2.1-inu-1.4-img-1.11
* Based on w3m-0.2.1-inu-1.4.
* Fixed bug when reading from stdin.
* Fixed "configure". Thanks > Fukagawa-san.
2001/08/01 w3m-0.2.1-img-1.10
* Adjust image position.
* Fixed scaling image.
2001/07/31 w3m-0.2.1-img-1.9
* Fixed initImgdisplay(). Thanks > David.
2001/07/29 w3m-0.2.1-img-1.8
* Fixed "configure".
2001/07/28 w3m-0.2.1-img-1.7
* Sorry, w3m-0.2.1-img-1.6 is not complete.
* Added "configure" and "Makefile" to the patch.
2001/07/27 w3m-0.2.1-img-1.6
* Created doc/README.img.
-------------------------------------------
Hironori Sakamoto <hsaka@mth.biglobe.ne.jp>
http://www2u.biglobe.ne.jp/~hsaka/

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Muntilingualizaion of w3m
2003/03/08
H. Sakamoto
Introduction
I have tried the muntilingualization of w3m (w3m-m17n).
The patch for w3m-0.4.1 is available on the following site.
http://www2u.biglobe.ne.jp/~hsaka/w3m/index.html#m17n
patch/w3m-0.4.1-m17n-20030308.tar.gz
patch/README.m17n
It is a development version. And enough test is not preformed because
I can understand Japanese only. Please use, test, and report bugs.
Now, w3m-m17n has following functions.
Supported encoding schemes (character set)
* Japanese
EUC-JP - US_ASCII, JIS X 0208, JIS X 0201, JIS X 0212
(EUC-JISX0213) (JIS X 0213)
ISO-2022-JP - US_ASCII, JIS X 0208, JIS X 0201, JIS X 0212, etc.
ISO-2022-JP-2 - US_ASCII, JIS X 0208, JIS X 0201, JIS X 0212,
GB 2312, KS X 1001, ISO 8859-1, ISO 8859-7, etc.
ISO-2022-JP-3 - US_ASCII, JIS X 0208, JIS X 0201, JIS X 0213, etc.
Shift_JIS(CP932) - US_ASCII, JIS X 0208, JIS X 0201, CP932 extension
Shift_JISX0213 - US_ASCII, JIS X 0208, JIS X 0201, JIS X 0213
* Chinese (simplified)
EUC-CN(GB2312) - US_ASCII, GB 2312
ISO-2022-CN - US_ASCII, GB 2312, CNS-11643-1,..7, etc.
GBK(CP936) - US_ASCII, GB 2312, GBK
GB18030 - US_ASCII, GB 2312, GBK, GB18030, Unicode,
HZ-GB-2312 - US_ASCII, GB 2312
* Chinese (Taiwan, tradisional)
EUC-TW - US_ASCII, CNS 11643-1,..16
ISO-2022-CN - US_ASCII, CNS-11643-1,..7, GB 2312, etc.
Big5 - Big5
HKSCS - Big5, HKSCS
* Korean
EUC-KR - US_ASCII, KS X 1001 Wansung
ISO-2022-KR - US_ASCII, KS X 1001 Wansung, etc.
Johab - US_ASCII, KS X 1001 Johab
UHC(CP949) - US_ASCII, KS X 1001 Wansung, UHC
* Vietnamese
TCVN-5712 VN-1, VISCII 1.1, VPS, CP1258
* Thai
TIS-620 (ISO-8859-11), CP874
* Other
US_ASCII, ISO-8859-1 <20><> 10, 13 <20><> 15,
KOI8-R, KOI8-U, NeXT, CP437, CP737, CP775, CP850, CP852, CP855, CP856,
CP857, CP860, CP861, CP862, CP863, CP864, CP865, CP866, CP869, CP1006,
CP1250, CP1251, CP1252, CP1253, CP1254, CP1255, CP1256, CP1257
* Unicode (UCS-4)
UTF-8, UTF-7
NOTE:
* The left part of JIS X 0201 and GB 1988 (Chinese ASCII) are
treated as US_ASCII because they are used in tags of HTML document.
Another variant of US_ASCII is treated without change.
* JIS C 6226(old JIS) is treated as JIS X 0208.
* The sequence '~\n' of HZ is not supported.
Display
There are two method for multilingual diplay.
(1) kterm + ISO-2022-JP/CN/KR
* kterm can handle JIS X 0213, CNS 11643, if the following patch
is applied.
http://www.st.rim.or.jp/~hanataka/kterm-6.2.0.ext02.patch.gz
* Specify the fontList for kterm with -fl option or in ~/.Xdefaults.
-fl "*--16-*-jisx0213.2000-*,\
*--16-*-jisx0212.1990-0,\
*--16-*-ksc5601.1987-0,\
*--16-*-gb2312.1980-0,\
*--16-*-cns11643.1992-*,\
*--16-*-iso8859-*"
Fonts of JIS X 0213 exist in
http://www.mars.sphere.ne.jp/imamura/jisx0213.html
* Set the "display_charset" to ISO-2022-JP(or ISO-2022-JP-2, KR, CN),
and "strict_iso2022" to OFF on the option pannel. (see below)
(2) xterm + UTF-8
* Use xterm (xterm-140 or later) of XFree86.
http://www.clark.net/pub/dickey/xterm/xterm.html
* Fonts of Unicode exist in
http://www.cl.cam.ac.uk/~mgk25/ucs-fonts.html
http://openlab.ring.gr.jp/efont/index.html.en
* Use xterm with -u8 option.
The fonts are specified such as
-fn "*-medium-*--13-*-iso10646-1" \
-fb "*-bold-*--13-*-iso10646-1" \
-fw "*-medium-*-ja-13-*-iso10646-1"
* Set the "display_charset" to UTF-8.
And, it is better that "pre_conv" is ON.
(3) mlterm + ISO-2022-JP/KR/CN
* Homepage
http://mlterm.sourceforge.net/
* Set encoding of mlterm to ISO-2022-JP/KR/CN or UTF-8.
* Set the "display_charset" to ISO-2022-JP/KR/CN or UTF-8.
Command line options
-I <document charset>
-O <display/output charset>
j(p): ISO-2022-JP
j(p)2: ISO-2022-JP-2
j(p)3: ISO-2022-JP-3
cn: ISO-2022-CN
kr: ISO-2022-KR
e(j): EUC-JP
ec,g(b): EUC-CN(GB2312)
et: EUC-TW
ek: EUC-KR
s(jis): Shift_JIS
sjisx0213: Shift_JISX0213
gbk: GBK
gb18030: GB18030
h(z): HZ-GB-2312
b(ig5): Big5
hk(scs): HKSCS
jo(hab): Johab
uhc: UHC
l?: ISO-8859-?
t(is): TIS-620(ISO-8859-11)
tc(vn): TCVN-5712 VN-1
v(iscii): VISCII 1.1
vp(s): VPS
ko(i8r): KOI8-R
koi8u: KOI8-U
n(ext): NeXT
cp???: CP???
w12??: CP12??
u(tf8): UTF-8
u(tf)7: UTF-7
Option pannel
display_charset
Display charset.
document_charset
Defalut Document charset.
auto_detect
Automatic charset detect when loading. (Default: ON)
system_charset
System charset. It is used for configuration files and file name.
follow_locale
System charset follows locale($LANG). (Default: ON)
ext_halfdump
Output with display charset when -halfdump.
search_conv
Adjust search string for document charset. (Default: ON)
use_wide
Use multi column characters. (Default: ON)
use_combining
Use combining characters. (Default: ON)
use_language_tag
Use Unicode language tags. (Default: ON)
ucs_conv
Charset conversion using Unicode map. (Default: ON)
pre_conv
Charset conversion when loading. (Default: OFF)
fix_width
Fix character width when conversion. (Default: ON)
If it is OFF, the rendering may collapse.
use_gb12345_map
Use GB 12345 Unicode map instead of GB 2312's. (Default: OFF)
If it is ON, GB2312 can be converted to Big5, EUC-TW, or EUC-JP.
use_jisx0201
Use JIS X 0201 Roman for ISO-2022-JP. (Default: OFF)
use_jisc6226
Use JIS C 6226:1978 for ISO-2022-JP. (Default: OFF)
use_jisx0201k
Use JIS X 0201 Katakana. (Default: OFF)
use_jisx0212
Use JIS X 0212:1990 (Supplemental Kanji). (Default: OFF)
use_jisx0213
Use JIS X 0213:2000 (2000JIS). (Default: OFF)
strict_iso2022
Strict ISO-2022-JP/KR/CN. (Default: ON)
If it is OFF, all ISO 2022 base character set can be displayed
with ISO-2022-JP/KR/CN.
alt_entity
Use alternate expression with ASCII for entities. (Default: ON)
If it is OFF, entities are treated as ISO 8859-1
graphic_char
Use graphic char for border of table and menu.
If it is OFF, ruled line is used with CJK charset or UTF-8.
Code conversion
The following special code conversions are supported.
* EUC-JP <-> ISO-2022-JP <-> Shift-JIS
* EUC-CN <-> ISO-2022-CN <-> HZ-GB-2312
* EUC-TW <-> ISO-2022-CN
* EUC-KR <-> ISO-2022-KR <-> Johab (only Symbol and Hanja)
Other conversions are based on Unicode.
Change document charset
Press '=' (show document infomation), and select document charaset.
If you specify the following keymaps,
keymap C CHARSET
keymap M-c DEFAULT_CHARSET
you can press `C' to change the current document charset,
and `M-c' to change the default document charset.
Line Editing
Input coding system is followed by display coding system.
NOTE:
* HZ can not be used as input coding system.
* Input with ISO-2022-CN or ISO-2022-KR is perhaps failure, because
SI(\017) and SO(\016) are already assigned as other command key.
(SO is assigned as `next-history'). If you want to use SI and SO,
press C-@(^@). After that, SI, SO, SS2, SS3, LS2, and LS3 of
7bit ISO-2022 are recognited. When you press C-@ again, the default
binding is set.
Regular expression
Multilingual regular expression is supported.
-----------------------------------
Change log
2003/03/08 w3m-0.4.1-m17n-20030308
* Base on w3m-0.4.1
2003/02/24 w3m-0.4-m17n-20030224
* Base on w3m-0.4
2003/02/11 w3m-0.4rc1-m17n-20030211
* Base on w3m-0.4rc1
2003/02/07 w3m-0.3.2.2-m17n-20030207
* Base on w3m-0.3.2.2+cvs-1.742
2003/02/01 w3m-0.3.2.2-m17n-20030201
* Base on w3m-0.3.2.2+cvs-1.734
2003/01/31 w3m-0.3.2.2-m17n-20030131
* Base on w3m-0.3.2.2+cvs-1.732
2003/01/23 w3m-0.3.2.2-m17n-20030123
* Base on w3m-0.3.2.2+cvs-1.705
2003/01/22 w3m-0.3.2.2-m17n-20030122
* Base on w3m-0.3.2.2+cvs-1.699
2003/01/01 w3m-0.3.2.2-m17n-20030101
* Base on w3m-0.3.2.2+cvs-1.655
2002/12/22 w3m-0.3.2.2-m17n-20021222
* Base on w3m-0.3.2.2+cvs-1.640
2002/12/19 w3m-0.3.2.2-m17n-20021219
* Base on w3m-0.3.2.2+cvs-1.635
2002/12/07 w3m-0.3.2.2-m17n-20021207
* Base on w3m-0.3.2.2+cvs-1.599
* Fixed a problem on int != long system
2002/11/27 w3m-0.3.2.1-m17n-20021127
* Base on w3m-0.3.2.1+cvs-1.562
2002/11/20 w3m-0.3.2-m17n-20021120
* Base on w3m-0.3.2+cvs-1.538
2002/11/18
* Added UTF-7 to auto detection of charset.
2002/11/16 w3m-0.3.2-m17n-20021116
* Base on w3m-0.3.2+cvs-1.526
2002/11/13 w3m-0.3.2-m17n-20021113
* Base on w3m-0.3.2+cvs-1.506
2002/11/12 w3m-0.3.2-m17n-20021112
* Base on w3m-0.3.2+cvs-1.498
2002/11/09 w3m-0.3.2-m17n-20021109
* Base on w3m-0.3.2+cvs-1.490
2002/11/07 w3m-0.3.2-m17n-20021107
* Base on w3m-0.3.2
* Applied [w3m-dev 03371]
2002/10/22 w3m-0.3.1-m17n-20021022
* Base on w3m-0.3.1+cvs-1.444
2002/07/17 w3m-0.3.1-m17n-20020717
* Base on w3m-0.3.1
2002/05/29 w3m-0.3-m17n-20020529
* Base on w3m-0.3+cvs-1.379.
2002/03/16 w3m-0.3-m17n-20020316
* Base on w3m-0.3+cvs-1.353.
2002/03/11 w3m-0.3-m17n-20020311
* Base on w3m-0.3+cvs-1.342.
* Some bug fixes.
2002/02/16 w3m-0.2.5-m17n-20020216
* Base on w3m-0.2.5+cvs-1.319.
* Added an option "use_wide"
2002/02/05 w3m-0.2.5-m17n-20020205
* Base on w3m-0.2.5+cvs-1.302.
2002/02/02 w3m-0.2.5-m17n-20020202
* Base on w3m-0.2.5+cvs-1.291.
2002/01/31 w3m-0.2.4-m17n-20020131
* Base on w3m-0.2.4+cvs-1.278.
2002/01/29 w3m-0.2.4-m17n-20020129
* Base on w3m-0.2.4+cvs-1.268.
* Some bug fixes.
2002/01/28 w3m-0.2.4-m17n-20020128
* Base on w3m-0.2.4+cvs-1.265.
2002/01/08 w3m-0.2.4-m17n-20020108
* Base on w3m-0.2.4.
2002/01/07
* Replaced some wc_conv,wc_Str_conv with wc_conv_strict,wc_Str_conv_strict.
2001/12/31
* Added the conversion between HKSCS and Unicode.
* Changed the conversion table between Big5 and Unicode.
* Deleted the special conversion between Big5 and CNS11643.
* Fixed HKSCS.
2001/12/30 w3m-0.2.3.2-m17n-20011230
* Base on w3m-0.2.3.2+cvs-1.196.
2001/12/22 w3m-0.2.3.2-m17n-20011222
* Base on w3m-0.2.3.2.
* [w3m-dev-en 00660] can't compile if INET6 is defined
* [w3m-dev-en 00663] double meanings for WC_N_???
2001/12/21 w3m-0.2.3.1-m17n-20011221
* Base on w3m-0.2.3.1.
* Support of HKSCS, KOI8-U, UTF-7.
The conversion table between HKSCS and Unicode is not yet available.
* Add the conversion between ISO 8859-16 and Unicode.
* Add option 'ext_halfdump'.
2001/04/14 w3m-(0.2.1)-m17n-0.20
* Support of UTF-7.
* [w3m-dev 01913] ([w3m-dev-en 00452])
2001/04/12 w3m-(0.2.1)-m17n-0.19
* TILDE of JISX0212, JISX0213 -> FULLWIDTH TILDE of Unicode.
* MICRO SIGN of Unicode -> GREEK SMALL MU of JISX0208.
* [w3m-dev 01892], [w3m-dev 01894], [w3m-dev 01898], [w3m-dev 01902]
2001/03/31
* Changed implement of <_SYMBOL> again.
* When -dump option, "pre_conv" is false as default.
2001/03/29
* Support combining characters of TCVN 5712.
* [w3m-dev 01873], [w3m-dev-en 00411].
2001/03/28
* Setting -suffix="" can be okay in confiugre. (thanks to naddy!)
* Bugfix: when #define USE_SSL and #undef USE_SSL_VERIFY, rc.c
doesn't compile. (thanks to naddy!)
* [w3m-dev 01859].
* Bugfix: 0xA0 is error in Shift-JIS.
* Changed implement of <_SYMBOL> ([w3m-dev 01852]).
2001/03/24 w3m-(0.2.1)-m17n-0.18
* Base on w3m-0.2.1.
* [w3m-dev 01703], [w3m-dev 01814], [w3m-dev 01823]
* Separated ISO-2022-JP-3 from ISO-2022-JP.
* Improved auto detection.
2001/03/23
* Base on w3m-0.2.0.
2001/03/21
* Added functions (CHARSET and DEFAULT_CHARSET).
* Improved document charset detection of frame HTML.
2001/03/20
* Conversion from FULL WIDTH variant except ASCII to normal character.
2001/03/18 w3m-(0.1.11-pre-hsaka24)-m17n-0.17
* Based on "[w3m-dev 01779] w3m-0.1.11-pre-hsaka24".
* Prefer JIS X 0213 than JIS X 0212.
2001/03/14 w3m-(0.1.11-pre-kokb23)-m17n-0.16
* Add the conversion between JIS X 0213 and Unicode Extention B.
* Bugfix: conversion between JIS X 0213 and Unicode.
* Bugfix: treat UHC as Hangul.
* Ignore "search_conv" if "pre_conv" is ON.
2001/03/09 w3m-(0.1.11-pre-kokb23)-m17n-0.15
* Improvement of wc_wchar_t (mainly for Unicode).
* Some bugfixes for Unicode.
* Ignore "use_gb12345_map" option when output with GBK or GB18030.
* When -dump option, "prev_conv" is always true.
* when -dump or -halfdump option, some proccessing is skiped.
* Get system charset from the environment variable LC_CTYPE -> LANG -> LC_ALL.
* Bugfixes: [w3m-dev 01724], [w3m-dev 01726], [w3m-dev 01752],
[w3m-dev 01753], [w3m-dev 01754]
2001/03/06 w3m-(0.1.11-pre-kokb23)-m17n-0.14
* Support of Language tag (UTR#7).
* Bugfix: conversion between GB18030, Johab and Unicode.
2001/03/04 w3m-(0.1.11-pre-kokb23)-m17n-0.13
* Support of GBK(CP936), GB18030, UHC(CP949) !
* Unicode mapping table of GB2312 and GB12345 became compatible with
CP936, GB18030. (Code point: 0xA1A4, 0xA1AA)
* Allow 0xFFFE and 0xFFFF in Uncide (due to compatibility with GB18030).
* Bugfix: code point of NBSP in Unicode.
2001/03/03 w3m-(0.1.11-pre-kokb23)-m17n-0.12
* I wrote English README.m17n.
-------------------------------------------
Hironori Sakamoto <hsaka@mth.biglobe.ne.jp>
http://www2u.biglobe.ne.jp/~hsaka/

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~/.w3m/mouse syntax:
menu <menu string - default empty>
lastline <lastline string - default "<=UpDn">
button <num> <pos> <func> [<arg>]
<num>: 1 : left button
2 : middle button
3 : right button
<pos>: menu <x1> <x2> : click on menu
lastline <x1> <x2> : click on last line
default : default action
anchor : click on anchor
active : click on active anchor
tab : click on tab
<x1>: left column pos
<x2>: right column pos
menu in <pos> can be omited for backward compatibility.
default configuration (in func.c)
button 1 default MOVE_MOUSE
button 2 default BACK
button 3 default MENU_MOUSE
button 1 active GOTO_LINK
button 1 tab TAB_MOUSE
button 2 tab CLOSE_TAB_MOUSE
lastline "<=UpDn"
button 1 lastline 0 1 BACK
button 1 lastline 2 3 PREV_PAGE
button 1 lastline 4 5 NEXT_PAGE
For example
- In ~/.w3m/mouse
button 1 anchor COMMAND "MOVE_MOUSE; GOTO_LINK"
you can jump to link by left click on non-active anchor.
- In ~/.w3m/menu
menu Active
func "Display LInk (a)" GOTO_LINK "a"
func "Open in new tag (t)" TAB_LINK "t"
func "Save link (d)" SAVE_LINK "d"
func "External browser (m)" EXTERN_LINK "m"
end
and ~/.w3m/mouse
button 3 anchor MENU_MOUSE Active
then you can open menu by right click on anchor.

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pre_form: Feature to configure form parameters when opening specific site.
It would be convinient for sites where you often visit, but it may introduce
some security issues. Be careful to use this feature, especially `submit'
params described below.
Default configuration file for pre_form is ~/.w3m/pre_form.
Syntax as follows:
url <url>|/<re-url>/
form [<name>] <action>
text <name> <value>
file <name> <value>
password <name> <value>
checkbox <name> <value> [<checked>]
radio <name> <value>
section <name> <value>
submit [<name> [<value>]]
image [<name> [<value>]]
textarea <name>
<value>
:
/textarea
If <action> is set, form which has matched <action> attributes
will be configured by this pre_form.
The line begining with text, file, passwd, select, textarea means that
it will set value to <value> in input, select or textarea element which
name attribute matches with <name>.
The line beginning with checkbox, radio means that it will check
input element which name and value attribute matches with <name> and <value>
respectively. If <checked> is 0, no, or off, disable check of the checkbox.
The line beginning with submit or image means that it will submit input
element which name attribute matches with <name> (and value attribute
matches with <value>), or submit last <input type=submit> element if no
<name> specified.
You quote \, ' (single-quote) or " (double quote) as you do in shell.

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w3m tab browsing
No default keybinding for tab browsing. Pleaes configure following
function to appropriate keys:
NEW_TAB open new tab, clone current page
TAB_LINK open document refered by link in a new tab
Num(N) + TAB_LINK will open in Nth tab
TAB_GOTO open URL in a new tab
Num(N) + TAB_GOTO will open in Nth tab
TAB_GOTO_RELATIVE
open relative URL in a new tab
Num(N) + TAB_GOTO_RELATIVE will open in Nth tab
CLOSE_TAB close current tab
Num(N) + CLOSE_TAB will close Nth tab
NEXT_TAB change to next tab
Num(N) + NEXT_TAB will change to Nth next tab
PREV_TAB change to prev tab
Num(N) + PREV_TAB will change to Nth prev tab
TAB_RIGHT move current tab to right
Num(N) + TAB_RIGHT will move current tab to N right
TAB_LEFT move current tab to left
Num(N) + TAB_LEFT will move current tab to N left
TAB_MENU open tab selection menu
operation in tab selection menu is same as operation
in buffer selection menu
You can operate with mouse
left button .. move the tab if you click on the tab
dragging a tab to another tab will move tab
dragging a link to tab will open the link in the tab
clicking on right upper `x' will current tab
middle button .. close the tab if you clink on the tab
right button .. open menu as usual
Options:
open_tab_blank ... open new tab if target is _blank or _new
default: OFF
close_tab_back ... close the tab when you back from last buffer in the tab
default: OFF (= Can't back...)

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<html>
<head>
<title>History of w3m</title>
</head>
<body>
<h1>History of w3m</h1>
<div align=right>
1999/2/18<br>
1999/3/8 revised<br>
1999/6/11 translated into English<br>
Akinori Ito<br>
aito@fw.ipsj.or.jp
</div>
<h2>Introduction</h2>
W3m is a text-based pager and WWW browser.
It is similar application to the famous text-based
browser <a href="http://www.lynx.browser.org/">Lynx</a>.
However, w3m has several advantages against Lynx. For example,
<UL>
<LI>W3m can render tables.
<LI>W3m can render frame (by converting frame into table).
<LI>As w3m is a pager, it can read document from standard input.
(I heard Lynx also can display standard-input-given document, like this:
<pre>
lynx /dev/fd/0 &gt; file
</pre>
Hmm, it works on Linux. )
<LI>W3m is small. Its stripped binary for Sparc (compiled with
gcc -O2, version beta-990217) is only 260kbyte, while binary size
of Lynx is beyond 1.8Mbyte. (Actually, lynx it 800K on my i386 system, w3m is 200K + libgc.)
</UL>
It is true that Lynx is an excellent browser, who have many
features w3m doesn't have. For example,
<UL>
<LI>Lynx can handle cookies.
<LI>Lynx has many options.
<LI>Lynx is multilingual. (W3m is Japanese-English bilingual)
</UL>
etc. It is also a great advantage that Lynx has a lot of
documentation.
<P>
<b>I don't intend w3m to be a substitute of any other browsers,
including Netscape and Lynx.</b> Why did I wrote w3m?
Because I felt inconvenient with conventional browsers
to `take a look' at web pages.
I am browsing web pages in LAN environment. When I want to take
a glance at a web page, I don't want to wait to start up Netscape.
Lynx also takes a few seconds to start up (you can get lynx startup time to almost zero when you rm /etc/mailcap). On the other hand,
w3m starts immediately with little load to the host machine.
After looking at the information using w3m, I use other browser
if I want to read the the page in detail. As for me, however,
w3m is enough to read most of web pages.
<h2>The birth of w3m</h2>
<P>
w3m was derived from a pager named `fm'. Fm was written before
1991 (I don't remember the exact date) when WWW was not popular.
At that time, the word `browser' meant a file browser like
`more' or `less'.
<P>
I wrote fm to debug a program for my research. To trace the status
of the program, it dumped megabytes of values of variables into a file,
and I debugged it by checking the dumped file. The program dumped
information at a certain time in one line, which made the dumped line
several hundred characters long. When I looked the file using `more' or
`less', one line was folded into several lines and it was very hard
to read it. Therefore, I wrote fm, which didn't fold a line. Fm displayed
one logical line as one physical line. When seeing the hidden
part of a line, fm shifted entire screen. As I used 80x24 terminal at that
time, fm was very useful for the debugging.
<P>
Several years later, I got to know WWW and began to use it.
I used XMosaic and Chimera. I liked Chimera because it was light.
As I was interested in the mechanism of WWW, I learned HTML and
HTTP, and I felt it simpler than I expected. The earlier version
of HTTP was very similar to Gopher protocol. HTML 2.0 was
simple enough to render. All I have to do seemed to be line folding
and itemized display. Then I made a little modification to fm
and made a web browser. It was the first version of w3m.
The name `w3m' was an abbreviation of Japanese phrase `WWW wo miru',
which means `see WWW'. It was an inheritance from `fm', which
was an abbreviation of `File wo miru'. The first version of w3m
was released at the beginning of 1995.
<h2>Death and rebirth of w3m</h2>
<p>
I had used w3m as a pager to read files, E-mails and online manuals.
It was a substitute of less. Sometimes I used w3m as a web browser,
but there were many pages w3m couldn't display correctly, most of
which used table for page layout. Once I tried to implement table
renderer, but I gave up because it seemed to be too difficult for me.
<P>
It was 1998 when I tried to modify w3m again. There were two reasons.
The first is that I had some time to do it. I stayed Boston University
as a visiting researcher at that time. The second reason is that
I wanted to use table in my personal web page. I had written research
log using HTML, and I wanted to write a table in it. At first I used
&lt;pre&gt;..&lt;/pre&gt; to describe table, but it was not cool at all.
One day I used &lt;table&gt; tag, which made me to use Netscape to
read the research log. Then I decided to implement a table renderer
into w3m.
<P>
I didn't intend to write a perfect table renderer because tables
I used was not very complicated. However, incomplete table rendering
made the display of table-layout pages horrible. I realized that
it required almost-perfect table renderer
to do well both in `rendering (real) table' and `fine display of
table-layout page.' It was a thorn path.
<P>
After taking several months, I finished `fair' table renderer.
Then I implemented form into w3m. Finally, w3m was reborn as a
practical web browser.
<h2>Table rendering algorithm in w3m</h2>
HTML table rendering is difficult. Tabular environment
of LaTeX is not very difficult, which makes the width of a column
either a specified value or the maximum width to put items into it.
On the other hand, HTML table renderer has to decide
the width of a column so that the entire table can fit into the
display appropriately, and fold the contents of the table according
to the column width. Inappropriate column width decision makes
the table ugly. Moreover, table can be nested, which makes the algorithm
more complicated.
<OL>
<LI>First, calculate the maximum and minimum width of each column.
The maximum width is the width required to display the column
without folding the contents. Generally, it is the length of
paragraph delimited by &lt;BR&gt; or &lt;P&gt;.
The minimum width is the lower limit to display the contents.
If the column contains the word `internationalization', the minimum
width will be 20. If the column contains
&lt;pre&gt;..&lt;/pre&gt;, the maximum width of the preformatted
text will be the minimum width of the column.
<LI>If the width of the column is specified by WIDTH attribute,
fix the column width using that value. If the specified width is
smaller than the minimum width of the column, fix the column width
to the minimum width.
<LI>Calculate the sum of the maximum width (or fixed width) of
each column and check if the sum exceeds the screen width.
If it is smaller than screen width, these values are used for
width of each column.
<LI>If the sum is larger than the screen width, determine the widths
of each column according to the following steps.
<OL>
<LI>Let W be the screen width subtracted by the sum of widths of
fixed-width columns.
<LI>Distribute W into the columns whose width are not decided,
in proportion to the logarithm of the maximum width of each column.
<li>If the distributed width of a column is smaller than the minimum width,
then fix the width of the column to the minimum width, and
do the distribution again.
</OL>
</OL>
In this process, distributed width is proportion to logarithm of
maximum width, but I am not sure that this heuristic is the best.
It can be, for example, square root of the maximum width.
<P>
The algorithm above assumes that the screen width is known.
But it is not true for nested table. According the algorithm above,
the column width of the outer table have to be known to render
the inner table, while the total width of the inner table have to
be known to determine the column width of the outer table.
If WIDTH attribute exists there are no problems. Otherwise, w3m
assumes that the inner table is 0.8 times as wide as the outer
table. It works fine, but if there are two tables side by side in an outer
table, the width of the outer table always exceeds the screen width.
To render this kind of table correctly, one have to render the table once,
check the width of outmost table, and then render the entire table again.
Netscape might employ this kind of algorithm.
<h2>Libraries</h2>
w3m uses
<a href="http://reality.sgi.com/boehm/gc.html">Boehm GC</a>
library. This library was written by H. Boehm and A. Demers.
I could distribute w3m without this library because one can
get the library separately, but I decided to contain it in the
w3m distribution for the convenience of an installer.
W3m doesn't use libwww.
<P>
Boehm GC is a garbage collector for C and C++. I began to use this
library when I implemented table, and it was great. I couldn't
implement table and form without this library.
<P>
Older version than beta-990304 used
<a href="http://home.cern.ch/~orel/libftp/libftp/libftp.html">LIBFTP</a>
because I felt tired of writing codes to handle FTP protocol.
But I rewrote the FTP code by myself to make w3m completely free.
It made w3m slightly smaller.
<P>
By the way, w3m doesn't use UNIX standard regexp library and curses library.
It is because I want to use Japanese. When I wrote fm, there were
no free regexp/curses libraries that can treat Japanese. Now both libraries
are available and they looks faster than w3m code.
<h2>Future work</h2>
...Nothing. As w3m's virtues are its small size and rendering speed,
adding more features might lose these advantages. On the other hand,
w3m is still known to have many bugs, and I will continue fixing them.
</body>
</html>

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# A sample of ~/.w3m/keymap (default)
#
# Ctrl : C-, ^
# Escape: ESC-, M-, ^[
# Space : SPC, ' '
# Tab : TAB, ^i, ^I
# Delete: DEL, ^?
# Up : UP, ^[[A
# Down : DOWN, ^[[B
# Right : RIGHT, ^[[C
# Left : LEFT, ^[[D
keymap C-@ MARK
keymap C-a LINE_BEGIN
keymap C-b MOVE_LEFT
keymap C-e LINE_END
keymap C-f MOVE_RIGHT
keymap C-g LINE_INFO
keymap C-h HISTORY
keymap TAB NEXT_LINK
keymap C-j GOTO_LINK
keymap C-k COOKIE
keymap C-l REDRAW
keymap C-m GOTO_LINK
keymap C-n MOVE_DOWN
keymap C-p MOVE_UP
keymap C-q CLOSE_TAB
keymap C-r ISEARCH_BACK
keymap C-s ISEARCH
keymap C-t TAB_LINK
keymap C-u PREV_LINK
keymap C-v NEXT_PAGE
keymap C-w WRAP_TOGGLE
keymap C-z SUSPEND
keymap SPC NEXT_PAGE
keymap ! SHELL
keymap \" REG_MARK
keymap # PIPE_SHELL
keymap $ LINE_END
keymap ( UNDO
keymap ) REDO
keymap + NEXT_PAGE
keymap , LEFT
keymap - PREV_PAGE
keymap . RIGHT
keymap / SEARCH
keymap : MARK_URL
keymap ";" MARK_WORD
keymap < SHIFT_LEFT
keymap = INFO
keymap > SHIFT_RIGHT
keymap ? SEARCH_BACK
keymap @ READ_SHELL
keymap B BACK
keymap D DOWNLOAD_LIST
keymap E EDIT
keymap F FRAME
keymap G END
keymap H HELP
keymap I VIEW_IMAGE
keymap J UP
keymap K DOWN
keymap L LIST
keymap M EXTERN
keymap N SEARCH_PREV
keymap Q EXIT
keymap R RELOAD
keymap S SAVE_SCREEN
keymap T NEW_TAB
keymap U GOTO
keymap V LOAD
keymap W PREV_WORD
keymap Z CENTER_H
keymap [ LINK_BEGIN
keymap ] LINK_END
keymap \^ LINE_BEGIN
keymap a SAVE_LINK
keymap b PREV_PAGE
keymap c PEEK
keymap g BEGIN
keymap h MOVE_LEFT
keymap i PEEK_IMG
keymap j MOVE_DOWN
keymap k MOVE_UP
keymap l MOVE_RIGHT
keymap m MOUSE_TOGGLE
keymap n SEARCH_NEXT
keymap o OPTIONS
keymap q QUIT
keymap r VERSION
keymap s SELECT_MENU
keymap u PEEK_LINK
keymap v VIEW
keymap w NEXT_WORD
keymap z CENTER_V
keymap { PREV_TAB
keymap | PIPE_BUF
keymap } NEXT_TAB
keymap M-TAB PREV_LINK
keymap M-C-j SAVE_LINK
keymap M-C-m SAVE_LINK
keymap M-: MARK_MID
keymap M-< BEGIN
keymap M-> END
keymap M-I SAVE_IMAGE
keymap M-M EXTERN_LINK
keymap M-W DICT_WORD_AT
keymap M-a ADD_BOOKMARK
keymap M-b BOOKMARK
keymap M-c COMMAND
keymap M-e EDIT_SCREEN
keymap M-g GOTO_LINE
keymap M-k DEFINE_KEY
keymap M-l LIST_MENU
keymap M-m MOVE_LIST_MENU
keymap M-n NEXT_MARK
keymap M-o SET_OPTION
keymap M-p PREV_MARK
keymap M-s SAVE
keymap M-t TAB_MENU
keymap M-u GOTO_RELATIVE
keymap M-v PREV_PAGE
keymap M-w DICT_WORD
keymap UP MOVE_UP
keymap DOWN MOVE_DOWN
keymap RIGHT MOVE_RIGHT
keymap LEFT MOVE_LEFT
keymap M-[E MENU
keymap M-[L MENU
keymap M-[1~ BEGIN
keymap M-[2~ MENU
keymap M-[4~ END
keymap M-[5~ PREV_PAGE
keymap M-[6~ NEXT_PAGE
keymap M-[28~ MENU

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# A sample of ~/.w3m/keymap (lynx-like)
#
# Ctrl : C-, ^
# Escape: ESC-, M-, ^[
# Space : SPC, ' '
# Tab : TAB, ^i, ^I
# Delete: DEL, ^?
# Up : UP, ^[[A
# Down : DOWN, ^[[B
# Right : RIGHT, ^[[C
# Left : LEFT, ^[[D
keymap C-@ MARK
keymap C-a BEGIN
keymap C-b BACK
keymap C-e END
keymap C-f GOTO_LINK
keymap C-g LINE_INFO
keymap C-h HISTORY
keymap TAB NEXT_LINK
keymap C-j GOTO_LINK
keymap C-k COOKIE
keymap C-l REDRAW
keymap C-m GOTO_LINK
keymap C-n NEXT_LINK
keymap C-p PREV_LINK
keymap C-q CLOSE_TAB
keymap C-r RELOAD
keymap C-s SEARCH
keymap C-t TAB_LINK
keymap C-u PREV_LINK
keymap C-v NEXT_PAGE
keymap C-w REDRAW
keymap C-z SUSPEND
keymap SPC NEXT_PAGE
keymap ! SHELL
keymap \" REG_MARK
keymap # PIPE_SHELL
keymap $ LINE_END
keymap ( UNDO
keymap ) REDO
keymap + NEXT_PAGE
keymap , LEFT
keymap - PREV_PAGE
keymap . RIGHT
keymap / SEARCH
keymap : MARK_URL
keymap ; MARK_WORD
keymap < SHIFT_LEFT
keymap = INFO
keymap > SHIFT_RIGHT
keymap ? HELP
keymap @ READ_SHELL
keymap B BACK
keymap D DOWNLOAD_LIST
keymap E EDIT
keymap F FRAME
keymap G GOTO_LINE
keymap H HELP
keymap I VIEW_IMAGE
keymap J UP
keymap K DOWN
keymap L LIST
keymap M EXTERN
keymap N NEXT_MARK
keymap P PREV_MARK
keymap Q EXIT
keymap R RELOAD
keymap S SAVE_SCREEN
keymap T NEW_TAB
keymap U GOTO
keymap V LOAD
keymap W PREV_WORD
keymap Z CENTER_H
keymap [ LINK_BEGIN
keymap \\ SOURCE
keymap ] LINK_END
keymap \^ LINE_BEGIN
keymap a ADD_BOOKMARK
keymap b PREV_PAGE
keymap c PEEK
keymap d SAVE_LINK
keymap g GOTO
keymap h MOVE_LEFT
keymap i PEEK_IMG
keymap j MOVE_DOWN
keymap k MOVE_UP
keymap l MOVE_RIGHT
keymap m MOUSE_TOGGLE
keymap n SEARCH_NEXT
keymap o OPTIONS
keymap p SAVE_SCREEN
keymap q QUIT
keymap r VERSION
keymap s SELECT_MENU
keymap u PEEK_LINK
keymap v BOOKMARK
keymap w NEXT_WORD
keymap z CENTER_V
keymap { PREV_TAB
keymap | PIPE_BUF
keymap } NEXT_TAB
keymap M-TAB PREV_LINK
keymap M-C-j SAVE_LINK
keymap M-C-m SAVE_LINK
keymap M-: MARK_MID
keymap M-< BEGIN
keymap M-> END
keymap M-I SAVE_IMAGE
keymap M-M EXTERN_LINK
keymap M-W DICT_WORD_AT
keymap M-a ADD_BOOKMARK
keymap M-b BOOKMARK
keymap M-c COMMAND
keymap M-e EDIT_SCREEN
keymap M-g GOTO_LINE
keymap M-k DEFINE_KEY
keymap M-l LIST_MENU
keymap M-m MOVE_LIST_MENU
keymap M-n NEXT_MARK
keymap M-o SET_OPTION
keymap M-p PREV_MARK
keymap M-s SAVE
keymap M-t TAB_MENU
keymap M-u GOTO_RELATIVE
keymap M-v PREV_PAGE
keymap M-w DICT_WORD
keymap UP PREV_LINK
keymap DOWN NEXT_LINK
keymap RIGHT GOTO_LINK
keymap LEFT BACK
keymap M-[E MENU
keymap M-[L MENU
keymap M-[1~ BEGIN
keymap M-[2~ MENU
keymap M-[4~ END
keymap M-[5~ PREV_PAGE
keymap M-[6~ NEXT_PAGE
keymap M-[28~ MENU

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# A sample of ~/.w3m/menu (default)
#
# menu MENU_ID
# func LABEL FUNCTION KEYS
# popup LABEL MENU_ID KEYS
# nop LABEL
# end
#
# MENU_ID
# Main: Main menu
# Select: Buffer selection menu
menu Main
func " Back (b) " BACK "b"
popup " Select Buffer(s) " Select "s"
popup " Select Tab (t) " SelectTab "tT"
func " View Source (v) " VIEW "vV"
func " Edit Source (e) " EDIT "eE"
func " Save Source (S) " SAVE "S"
func " Reload (r) " RELOAD "rR"
nop " -----------------"
func " Go Link (a) " GOTO_LINK "a"
func " on New Tab (n) " TAB_LINK "nN"
func " Save Link (A) " SAVE_LINK "A"
func " View Image (i) " VIEW_IMAGE "i"
func " Save Image (I) " SAVE_IMAGE "I"
func " View Frame (f) " FRAME "fF"
nop " ---------------- "
func " Bookmark (B) " BOOKMARK "B"
func " Help (h) " HELP "hH"
func " Option (o) " OPTIONS "oO"
nop " ---------------- "
func " Quit (q) " QUIT "qQ"
end

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# A sample of ~/.w3m/menu (submenu type)
#
# menu MENU_ID
# func LABEL FUNCTION KEYS
# popup LABEL MENU_ID KEYS
# nop LABEL
# end
#
# MENU_ID
# Main: Main Menu
# Select: Buffer selection menu
menu Main
func "Back (b)" BACK "b"
popup "Buffer ops >(f)" Buffer "fF"
popup "Link ops >(l)" Link "lL"
nop "----------------"
popup "Bookmarks >(B)" Bookmark "B"
func "Help (h)" HELP "hH"
func "Options (o)" OPTIONS "oO"
nop "----------------"
func "Quit (q)" QUIT "qQ"
end
menu Buffer
popup "Buffer select(s)" Select "s"
func "View source (v)" VIEW "vV"
func "Edit source (e)" EDIT "eE"
func "Save source (S)" SAVE "S"
func "Reload (r)" RELOAD "rR"
end
menu Link
func "Go link (a)" GOTO_LINK "a"
func "Save link (A)" SAVE_LINK "A"
func "View image (i)" VIEW_IMAGE "i"
func "Save image (I)" SAVE_IMAGE "I"
func "View frame (f)" FRAME "fF"
end
menu Bookmark
func "Read bookmark (b)" BOOKMARK "bB"
func "Add page to bookmark(a)" ADD_BOOKMARK "aA"
end

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.nr N -1
.nr D 5
.TH W3M 1 Local
.UC 4
.SH NAME
w3m \- a text based Web browser and pager
.SH SYNOPSIS
.B w3m
[options] [URL or filename]
.PP
Use "w3m -h" to display a complete list of current options.
.SH DESCRIPTION
.\" This defines appropriate quote strings for nroff and troff
.ds lq \&"
.ds rq \&"
.if t .ds lq ``
.if t .ds rq ''
.\" Just in case these number registers aren't set yet...
.if \nN==0 .nr N 10
.if \nD==0 .nr D 5
.I
w3m
is a World Wide Web (WWW) text based client. It has English and
Japanese help files and an option menu and can be configured to
use either language. It will display hypertext markup language
(HTML) documents containing links to files residing on the local
system, as well as files residing on remote systems. It can
display HTML tables and frames.
In addition, it can be used as a "pager" in much the same manner
as "more" or "less".
Current versions of
.I
w3m
run on
Unix (Solaris, SunOS, HP-UX, Linux, FreeBSD, and EWS4800)
and on
Microsoft Windows 9x/NT.
.PP
.SH OPTIONS
At start up, \fIw3m\fR will load any local
file or remote URL specified at the command
line. For help with runtime options, press \fB"H"\fR
while running \fIw3m\fR.
Command line options are:
.PP
.TP
.B -t tab
set tab width
.TP
.B -r
ignore backspace effect
.TP
.B -l line
# of preserved line (default 10000)
.TP
.B -B
load bookmark
.TP
.B -bookmark file
specify bookmark file
.TP
.B -T type
specify content-type
.TP
.B -m
internet message mode
.TP
.B -v
visual startup mode
.TP
.B -M
monochrome display
.TP
.B -F
automatically render frame
.TP
.B -dump
dump formatted page into stdout
.TP
.B -cols width
specify column width (used with -dump)
.TP
.B -ppc count
specify the number of pixels per character (default 8.0)
Larger values will make tables narrower.
.TP
.B -dump_source
dump page source into stdout
.TP
.B -dump_head
dump response of HEAD request into stdout
.TP
.B -dump_both
dump HEAD and source into stdout
.TP
.B -dump_extra
dump HEAD, source, and extra information into stdout
.TP
.B -post file
use POST method with file content
.TP
.B -header string
insert string as a header
.TP
.B +<num>
goto <num> line
.TP
.B -num
show line number
.TP
.B -no-proxy
don't use proxy
.TP
.B -no-mouse
don't use mouse
.TP
.B -cookie
use cookie.
.TP
.B -no-cookie
don't use cookie
.TP
.B -pauth user:pass
proxy authentication
.TP
.B -S
squeeze multiple blank lines
.TP
.B -W
toggle wrap search mode
.TP
.B -X
don't use termcap init/deinit
.TP
.B -title [=TERM]
set buffer name to termianl title string.
If TERM is specified, use the TERM style title configuration.
.TP
.B -o opt=value
assign value to config option
.TP
.B -show-option
show all available config option
.TP
.B -config file
specify config file
.TP
.B -help
show usage
.TP
.B -version
show w3m version
.TP
.B -debug
DO NOT USE
.SH EXAMPLES
.TP
To use w3m as a pager:
.br
$ ls | w3m
.br
.TP
To use w3m to translate HTML files:
.br
$ cat foo.html | w3m -T text/html
.TP
or
.br
$ cat foo.html | w3m -dump -T text/html >foo.txt
.SH NOTES
This is the
.I
w3m
0.2.1 Release.
.PP
Additional information about
.I
w3m
may be found on its Japanese language Web site located at:
http://w3m.sourceforge.net/index.ja.html
.br
or on its English version of the site at:
http://w3m.sourceforge.net/index.en.html
.SH ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
.I
w3m
has incorporated code from several sources.
Hans J. Boehm, Alan J. Demers, Xerox Corp. and Silicon Graphics
have the copyright of the GC library comes with w3m package.
Users have contributed patches and suggestions over time.
.SH AUTHOR
Akinori ITO <aito@fw.ipsj.or.jp>