diff --git a/README.md b/README.md
index a1cb2932..f5da156e 100644
--- a/README.md
+++ b/README.md
@@ -220,7 +220,10 @@ The keyboard layout combo box offers Desktop and Laptop. The Keyboard tab also
 has separate Fenrir-key and script-key checkboxes for keypad Insert, Insert,
 Caps Lock, and Super, plus Compose for scripts. Uncheck a key in one group
 before selecting it in the other. At least one Fenrir key must remain selected.
-Key assignments take effect on the next launch.
+After **OK** saves the changes, modifier assignments apply when the menu closes
+and all held keys are released. If X11 cannot acquire a new key, Fenrir reports
+the failure and keeps the previous assignments active. The saved choices remain
+available for retrying or editing in the menu.
 Backend, device, keyboard layout, sound theme, and other launch-only changes
 take effect the next time Fenrir starts.
 
diff --git a/config/settings/settings.toml b/config/settings/settings.toml
index 107d7c7c..02e1fc34 100644
--- a/config/settings/settings.toml
+++ b/config/settings/settings.toml
@@ -49,6 +49,7 @@ multi_press_timeout_ms = 200
 layout = "desktop"
 # Unset uses the layout's Fenrir keys, excluding configured script keys.
 # The Keyboard tab checkboxes save an explicit selection that overrides the layout.
+# Saved modifier changes apply when the menu closes and all held keys are released.
 # Names: KEY_KP0 (NumLock off), KEY_INSERT, KEY_CAPSLOCK, KEY_META (both Super keys).
 # A physical key cannot serve as both a Fenrir key and a script key.
 # fenrir_keys = ["KEY_KP0", "KEY_INSERT", "KEY_META"]
diff --git a/docs/user.md b/docs/user.md
index ab0fb3f6..e01842d9 100644
--- a/docs/user.md
+++ b/docs/user.md
@@ -598,7 +598,12 @@ keys** checkbox groups for keypad Insert, Insert, Caps Lock, and Super; Compose
 is also available for scripts. Uncheck a key in one group before assigning it
 to the other. A physical key cannot serve both roles, including through an
 alias such as `KEY_META` and `KEY_RIGHTMETA`. At least one Fenrir key must remain
-selected. Changes take effect on the next launch.
+selected. After **OK** saves the changes, modifier assignments apply when the
+menu closes and all held keys are released. Cancel leaves them unchanged.
+If X11 cannot acquire the new keys, Fenrir reports the failure and retains the
+previous active assignments. The saved choices remain in the file; reopen the
+menu to edit or retry them. Desktop/laptop layout changes still require a new
+launch.
 
 The Fenrir-key checkboxes save `keyboard.fenrir_keys`, which overrides the
 layout's defaults. When that setting is omitted, the layout supplies defaults
diff --git a/internal/app/app.go b/internal/app/app.go
index 0aa7c7d6..1ae44dc3 100644
--- a/internal/app/app.go
+++ b/internal/app/app.go
@@ -45,6 +45,7 @@ type Keyboards interface {
 	Scan() error
 	Pass_next()
 	Capture(bool) error
+	Update_modifiers([]string, []string) (bool, error)
 	Close() error
 }
 
diff --git a/internal/app/app_test.go b/internal/app/app_test.go
index 99220ee1..fcb915a0 100644
--- a/internal/app/app_test.go
+++ b/internal/app/app_test.go
@@ -475,12 +475,13 @@ func (f *fakeSource) Read() (screen.Snapshot, error) {
 }
 
 type fakeKeys struct {
-	poll           func(bool, func(input.Decision)) error
-	closed, passed bool
-	events         chan error
-	captures       []bool
-	captureErr     error
-	onCapture      func(bool)
+	updateModifiers func([]string, []string) (bool, error)
+	poll            func(bool, func(input.Decision)) error
+	closed, passed  bool
+	events          chan error
+	captures        []bool
+	captureErr      error
+	onCapture       func(bool)
 }
 
 func (f *fakeKeys) Events() <-chan error { return f.events }
@@ -496,6 +497,12 @@ func (f *fakeKeys) Capture(enabled bool) error {
 	}
 	return f.captureErr
 }
+func (f *fakeKeys) Update_modifiers(reader, script []string) (bool, error) {
+	if f.updateModifiers != nil {
+		return f.updateModifiers(reader, script)
+	}
+	return true, nil
+}
 func (f *fakeKeys) Pass_next()   { f.passed = true }
 func (f *fakeKeys) Close() error { f.closed = true; return nil }
 
diff --git a/internal/app/live_modifiers_test.go b/internal/app/live_modifiers_test.go
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..04cfefff
--- /dev/null
+++ b/internal/app/live_modifiers_test.go
@@ -0,0 +1,86 @@
+// Copyright (c) 2026 Storm Dragon
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-3.0-or-later
+
+package app
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"errors"
+	"reflect"
+	"strings"
+	"testing"
+
+	"git.stormux.org/storm/fenrir/internal/config"
+	"git.stormux.org/storm/fenrir/internal/screen"
+)
+
+func TestSavedModifiersWaitForMenuCloseAndIdleKeys(t *testing.T) {
+	base := config.Defaults()
+	base.Keyboard.FenrirKeys = []string{"KEY_INSERT"}
+	source := &fakeSource{snapshot: screen.Snapshot{Terminal: 1, Active: true}}
+	voice := &fakeVoice{}
+	calls := 0
+	idle := false
+	keys := &fakeKeys{updateModifiers: func(reader, script []string) (bool, error) {
+		calls++
+		if !reflect.DeepEqual(reader, []string{"KEY_CAPSLOCK"}) || !reflect.DeepEqual(script, []string{"KEY_META"}) {
+			t.Fatal(reader, script)
+		}
+		return idle, nil
+	}}
+	a, err := new_application(context.Background(), source, keys, voice, RunOptions{Settings: base})
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	saved := base
+	saved.Keyboard.FenrirKeys = []string{"KEY_CAPSLOCK"}
+	saved.General.ScriptKeys = []string{"KEY_META"}
+	a.ui.active = true
+	a.apply_saved_settings(saved, false)
+	a.apply_pending_modifiers()
+	if calls != 0 || a.settings.pendingModifiers == nil {
+		t.Fatal("changed during modal capture")
+	}
+	a.ui.active = false
+	a.apply_pending_modifiers()
+	if calls != 1 || !reflect.DeepEqual(a.settings.live.Keyboard.FenrirKeys, base.Keyboard.FenrirKeys) || !reflect.DeepEqual(a.settings.live.General.ScriptKeys, base.General.ScriptKeys) {
+		t.Fatal("changed while held", a.settings.live)
+	}
+	idle = true
+	a.apply_pending_modifiers()
+	if calls != 2 || a.settings.pendingModifiers != nil || !reflect.DeepEqual(a.settings.live.Keyboard.FenrirKeys, saved.Keyboard.FenrirKeys) || !reflect.DeepEqual(a.settings.live.General.ScriptKeys, saved.General.ScriptKeys) {
+		t.Fatal("new keys not applied", a.settings.live)
+	}
+	a.apply_pending_modifiers()
+	if calls != 2 {
+		t.Fatal("update repeated after success")
+	}
+}
+
+func TestModifierApplyFailureKeepsPreviousRuntimeAndAllowsRetry(t *testing.T) {
+	base := config.Defaults()
+	base.Keyboard.FenrirKeys = []string{"KEY_INSERT"}
+	source := &fakeSource{snapshot: screen.Snapshot{Terminal: 1, Active: true}}
+	voice := &fakeVoice{}
+	keys := &fakeKeys{updateModifiers: func([]string, []string) (bool, error) { return false, errors.New("fixture grab conflict") }}
+	a, err := new_application(context.Background(), source, keys, voice, RunOptions{Settings: base})
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	saved := base
+	saved.Keyboard.FenrirKeys = []string{"KEY_META"}
+	a.apply_saved_settings(saved, false)
+	a.apply_pending_modifiers()
+	if a.settings.pendingModifiers != nil || !reflect.DeepEqual(a.settings.live.Keyboard.FenrirKeys, base.Keyboard.FenrirKeys) || !reflect.DeepEqual(a.settings.saveDraft.Keyboard.FenrirKeys, saved.Keyboard.FenrirKeys) {
+		t.Fatal(a.settings)
+	}
+	if len(voice.messages) != 1 || !strings.Contains(voice.messages[0], "Previous keys remain active") {
+		t.Fatal(voice.messages)
+	}
+	keys.updateModifiers = func([]string, []string) (bool, error) { return true, nil }
+	a.apply_saved_settings(saved, false)
+	a.apply_pending_modifiers()
+	if !reflect.DeepEqual(a.settings.live.Keyboard.FenrirKeys, saved.Keyboard.FenrirKeys) {
+		t.Fatal("retry failed")
+	}
+}
diff --git a/internal/app/runtime_settings.go b/internal/app/runtime_settings.go
index a2505427..5e5fc51d 100644
--- a/internal/app/runtime_settings.go
+++ b/internal/app/runtime_settings.go
@@ -19,6 +19,7 @@ package app
 
 import (
 	"fmt"
+	"slices"
 	"strings"
 
 	"git.stormux.org/storm/fenrir/internal/config"
@@ -26,16 +27,19 @@ import (
 	"git.stormux.org/storm/fenrir/internal/speech"
 )
 
+type modifierSettings struct{ fenrirKeys, scriptKeys []string }
+
 // applicationSettings separates the effective configuration from the save draft.
 // The draft retains next-launch menu choices; session mute, automatic reading,
 // and attribute overrides are not implicitly copied into it.
 type applicationSettings struct {
-	live            config.Settings
-	saveDraft       config.Settings
-	resetBase       config.Settings // Last loaded or successfully saved settings.
-	remoteFields    map[string]uint64
-	remoteRevision  uint64
-	speechAvailable bool // The startup connection cannot be enabled by a remote setting.
+	pendingModifiers *modifierSettings
+	live             config.Settings
+	saveDraft        config.Settings
+	resetBase        config.Settings // Last loaded or successfully saved settings.
+	remoteFields     map[string]uint64
+	remoteRevision   uint64
+	speechAvailable  bool // The startup connection cannot be enabled by a remote setting.
 }
 
 // configure_reader applies startup settings, including next-launch-only fields.
@@ -77,6 +81,11 @@ func (a *application) apply_saved_settings(saved config.Settings, speechApplied
 	if speechApplied {
 		copy_speech_selection(&a.settings.live.Presentation.Speech, saved.Presentation.Speech)
 	}
+	if !slices.Equal(saved.Keyboard.FenrirKeys, a.settings.live.Keyboard.FenrirKeys) || !slices.Equal(saved.General.ScriptKeys, a.settings.live.General.ScriptKeys) {
+		a.settings.pendingModifiers = &modifierSettings{fenrirKeys: slices.Clone(saved.Keyboard.FenrirKeys), scriptKeys: slices.Clone(saved.General.ScriptKeys)}
+	} else {
+		a.settings.pendingModifiers = nil
+	}
 	a.settings.saveDraft = saved
 	a.settings.resetBase = saved
 	a.settings.live.InternalUI = saved.InternalUI
@@ -120,6 +129,27 @@ func (a *application) apply_saved_settings(saved config.Settings, speechApplied
 	a.clipboards.configure(saved.Clipboard)
 }
 
+// apply_pending_modifiers runs on the event loop after menu closure. Native
+// adapters defer while keys are held; failure leaves the prior runtime intact.
+func (a *application) apply_pending_modifiers() {
+	pending := a.settings.pendingModifiers
+	if pending == nil || a.ui.active {
+		return
+	}
+	applied, err := a.keyboards.Update_modifiers(pending.fenrirKeys, pending.scriptKeys)
+	if err != nil {
+		a.settings.pendingModifiers = nil
+		a.voice.Say(i18n.Format("Settings saved, but key changes could not be applied: {0}. Previous keys remain active.", err.Error()))
+		return
+	}
+	if !applied {
+		return
+	}
+	a.settings.live.Keyboard.FenrirKeys = pending.fenrirKeys
+	a.settings.live.General.ScriptKeys = pending.scriptKeys
+	a.settings.pendingModifiers = nil
+}
+
 // Quick commands have already changed live values and configured speech when
 // needed. Refresh the reader without copying session overrides into the draft.
 func (a *application) apply_quick_settings() {
diff --git a/internal/app/screen_updates.go b/internal/app/screen_updates.go
index 99dc6976..8bcbb43a 100644
--- a/internal/app/screen_updates.go
+++ b/internal/app/screen_updates.go
@@ -128,6 +128,7 @@ func (a *application) poll_input(inputReady bool) error {
 			return err
 		}
 	}
+	a.apply_pending_modifiers()
 	return nil
 }
 
diff --git a/internal/console/live_modifiers_linux_test.go b/internal/console/live_modifiers_linux_test.go
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..f6544b87
--- /dev/null
+++ b/internal/console/live_modifiers_linux_test.go
@@ -0,0 +1,62 @@
+// Copyright (c) 2026 Storm Dragon
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-3.0-or-later
+
+//go:build linux && cgo
+
+package console
+
+import (
+	"testing"
+
+	"git.stormux.org/storm/fenrir/internal/command"
+	"git.stormux.org/storm/fenrir/internal/input"
+)
+
+func TestConsoleModifierUpdateWaitsForCaptureAndHeldChord(t *testing.T) {
+	layout, _, err := input.Load_bindings([]string{"../../config/keyboard/laptop.toml"})
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	router, err := input.New_router(layout)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	if err := router.Configure_modifiers([]string{"KEY_INSERT"}, []string{"KEY_COMPOSE"}); err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	if err := router.Configure_scripts([]string{"KEY_COMPOSE"}, []input.ScriptBinding{{ID: "script:example", Keys: []string{"KEY_SCRIPT", "KEY_U"}}}); err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	keys := &Keyboards{router: router}
+	update := func(want bool) {
+		t.Helper()
+		applied, err := keys.Update_modifiers([]string{"KEY_META"}, []string{"KEY_CAPSLOCK"})
+		if err != nil || applied != want {
+			t.Fatal(applied, err)
+		}
+	}
+	keys.router.Capture(true)
+	update(false)
+	keys.router.Capture(false)
+	keys.router.Key(1, input.KeyInsert, 1, false, false)
+	if got := keys.router.Key(1, 23, 1, false, false); got.Command != command.CurrentLine {
+		t.Fatal(got)
+	}
+	update(false)
+	keys.router.Key(1, input.KeyInsert, 0, false, false)
+	update(false)
+	if got := keys.router.Key(1, 23, 0, false, false); got.Forward {
+		t.Fatal("old chord release leaked", got)
+	}
+	update(true)
+	keys.router.Key(1, input.KeyMeta, 1, false, false)
+	if got := keys.router.Key(1, 23, 1, false, false); got.Command != command.CurrentLine {
+		t.Fatal("new reader key failed", got)
+	}
+	keys.router.Key(1, input.KeyMeta, 0, false, false)
+	keys.router.Key(1, 23, 0, false, false)
+	keys.router.Key(1, input.KeyCapsLock, 1, false, false)
+	if got := keys.router.Key(1, 22, 1, false, false); got.Command != "script:example" {
+		t.Fatal("script binding lost", got)
+	}
+}
diff --git a/internal/console/native_linux.go b/internal/console/native_linux.go
index a62e989b..49bf2e93 100644
--- a/internal/console/native_linux.go
+++ b/internal/console/native_linux.go
@@ -308,6 +308,25 @@ func (k *Keyboards) Close() error {
 	return errors.Join(errs...)
 }
 
+// Update_modifiers waits for every keyboard to release its old chord before
+// replacing the router; the existing evdev grabs remain owned throughout.
+func (k *Keyboards) Update_modifiers(fenrirKeys, scriptKeys []string) (bool, error) {
+	if k.router.Captured() || !k.router.Idle() {
+		return false, nil
+	}
+	for _, device := range k.devices {
+		if device.syncing || device.held() {
+			return false, nil
+		}
+	}
+	candidate := k.router
+	if err := candidate.Configure_modifiers(fenrirKeys, scriptKeys); err != nil {
+		return false, err
+	}
+	k.router = candidate
+	return true, nil
+}
+
 func (k *Keyboards) Poll(textMode, numLock bool, handle func(input.Decision)) error {
 	if !textMode {
 		for _, device := range k.devices {
diff --git a/internal/i18n/locale/de/LC_MESSAGES/fenrir.po b/internal/i18n/locale/de/LC_MESSAGES/fenrir.po
index e96d492c..f2b9dcd1 100644
--- a/internal/i18n/locale/de/LC_MESSAGES/fenrir.po
+++ b/internal/i18n/locale/de/LC_MESSAGES/fenrir.po
@@ -697,7 +697,7 @@ msgid "Could not open Emoji Menu: {0}"
 msgstr "Emoji-Menü konnte nicht geöffnet werden: {0}"
 
 #: internal/app/fenrir_menu.go:40 internal/app/fenrir_menu.go:69
-#: internal/app/fenrir_menu.go:92 internal/app/runtime_settings.go:134
+#: internal/app/fenrir_menu.go:92 internal/app/runtime_settings.go:164
 msgid "Could not open Fenrir Menu: {0}"
 msgstr "Fenrir-Menü konnte nicht geöffnet werden: {0}"
 
@@ -715,7 +715,7 @@ msgid "Could not save exceptions: {0}"
 msgstr "Ausnahmen konnten nicht gespeichert werden: {0}"
 
 #: internal/app/fenrir_menu.go:203 internal/app/fenrir_menu.go:209
-#: internal/app/runtime_settings.go:177 internal/app/runtime_settings.go:205
+#: internal/app/runtime_settings.go:207 internal/app/runtime_settings.go:235
 msgid "Could not save settings: {0}"
 msgstr "Einstellungen konnten nicht gespeichert werden: {0}"
 
@@ -1027,7 +1027,7 @@ msgstr "Gesicht mit herausgestreckter zunge"
 msgid "Face with symbols"
 msgstr "Gesicht mit Symbolen"
 
-#: internal/app/quick_settings.go:295 internal/app/runtime_settings.go:160
+#: internal/app/quick_settings.go:295 internal/app/runtime_settings.go:190
 msgid "Failed to save settings."
 msgstr "Einstellungen konnten nicht gespeichert werden."
 
@@ -2349,7 +2349,7 @@ msgstr "Salutierendes Gesicht"
 msgid "Santa"
 msgstr "Weihnachtsmann"
 
-#: internal/app/runtime_settings.go:156 internal/app/runtime_settings.go:173
+#: internal/app/runtime_settings.go:186 internal/app/runtime_settings.go:203
 msgid "Save unavailable."
 msgstr "Speichern nicht verfügbar."
 
@@ -2454,6 +2454,12 @@ msgstr "Setze Fensteranfangs- und -endmarken"
 msgid "Settings are busy"
 msgstr "Einstellungen sind beschäftigt"
 
+#: internal/app/runtime_settings.go:142
+msgid ""
+"Settings saved, but key changes could not be applied: {0}. Previous keys "
+"remain active."
+msgstr "Einstellungen gespeichert, aber die Tastenänderungen konnten nicht angewendet werden: {0}. Die bisherigen Tasten bleiben aktiv."
+
 #: internal/app/quick_settings.go:298
 msgid "Settings saved."
 msgstr "Einstellungen gespeichert."
diff --git a/internal/i18n/locale/es/LC_MESSAGES/fenrir.po b/internal/i18n/locale/es/LC_MESSAGES/fenrir.po
index e399bbaf..938b2954 100644
--- a/internal/i18n/locale/es/LC_MESSAGES/fenrir.po
+++ b/internal/i18n/locale/es/LC_MESSAGES/fenrir.po
@@ -699,7 +699,7 @@ msgid "Could not open Emoji Menu: {0}"
 msgstr "No se pudo abrir el menú de emojis: {0}"
 
 #: internal/app/fenrir_menu.go:40 internal/app/fenrir_menu.go:69
-#: internal/app/fenrir_menu.go:92 internal/app/runtime_settings.go:134
+#: internal/app/fenrir_menu.go:92 internal/app/runtime_settings.go:164
 msgid "Could not open Fenrir Menu: {0}"
 msgstr "No se pudo abrir el menú de Fenrir: {0}"
 
@@ -717,7 +717,7 @@ msgid "Could not save exceptions: {0}"
 msgstr "No se pudieron guardar las excepciones: {0}"
 
 #: internal/app/fenrir_menu.go:203 internal/app/fenrir_menu.go:209
-#: internal/app/runtime_settings.go:177 internal/app/runtime_settings.go:205
+#: internal/app/runtime_settings.go:207 internal/app/runtime_settings.go:235
 msgid "Could not save settings: {0}"
 msgstr "No se pudo guardar la configuración: {0}"
 
@@ -1030,7 +1030,7 @@ msgstr "Cara sacando la lengua"
 msgid "Face with symbols"
 msgstr "Cara con símbolos"
 
-#: internal/app/quick_settings.go:295 internal/app/runtime_settings.go:160
+#: internal/app/quick_settings.go:295 internal/app/runtime_settings.go:190
 msgid "Failed to save settings."
 msgstr "No se pudo guardar la configuración."
 
@@ -2358,7 +2358,7 @@ msgstr "Cara saludando militarmente"
 msgid "Santa"
 msgstr "Papá Noel"
 
-#: internal/app/runtime_settings.go:156 internal/app/runtime_settings.go:173
+#: internal/app/runtime_settings.go:186 internal/app/runtime_settings.go:203
 msgid "Save unavailable."
 msgstr "Guardado no disponible."
 
@@ -2463,6 +2463,12 @@ msgstr "Establece una marca de principio y otra para el final de la ventana"
 msgid "Settings are busy"
 msgstr "La configuración está ocupada"
 
+#: internal/app/runtime_settings.go:142
+msgid ""
+"Settings saved, but key changes could not be applied: {0}. Previous keys "
+"remain active."
+msgstr "Ajustes guardados, pero no se pudieron aplicar los cambios de teclas: {0}. Las teclas anteriores siguen activas."
+
 #: internal/app/quick_settings.go:298
 msgid "Settings saved."
 msgstr "Configuración guardada."
diff --git a/internal/i18n/locale/fenrir.pot b/internal/i18n/locale/fenrir.pot
index 3c55bd6f..62b95e63 100644
--- a/internal/i18n/locale/fenrir.pot
+++ b/internal/i18n/locale/fenrir.pot
@@ -681,7 +681,7 @@ msgstr ""
 msgid "Could not open Emoji Menu: {0}"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: internal/app/fenrir_menu.go:40 internal/app/fenrir_menu.go:69 internal/app/fenrir_menu.go:92 internal/app/runtime_settings.go:134
+#: internal/app/fenrir_menu.go:40 internal/app/fenrir_menu.go:69 internal/app/fenrir_menu.go:92 internal/app/runtime_settings.go:164
 msgid "Could not open Fenrir Menu: {0}"
 msgstr ""
 
@@ -697,7 +697,7 @@ msgstr ""
 msgid "Could not save exceptions: {0}"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: internal/app/fenrir_menu.go:203 internal/app/fenrir_menu.go:209 internal/app/runtime_settings.go:177 internal/app/runtime_settings.go:205
+#: internal/app/fenrir_menu.go:203 internal/app/fenrir_menu.go:209 internal/app/runtime_settings.go:207 internal/app/runtime_settings.go:235
 msgid "Could not save settings: {0}"
 msgstr ""
 
@@ -997,7 +997,7 @@ msgstr ""
 msgid "Face with symbols"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: internal/app/quick_settings.go:295 internal/app/runtime_settings.go:160
+#: internal/app/quick_settings.go:295 internal/app/runtime_settings.go:190
 msgid "Failed to save settings."
 msgstr ""
 
@@ -2309,7 +2309,7 @@ msgstr ""
 msgid "Santa"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: internal/app/runtime_settings.go:156 internal/app/runtime_settings.go:173
+#: internal/app/runtime_settings.go:186 internal/app/runtime_settings.go:203
 msgid "Save unavailable."
 msgstr ""
 
@@ -2413,6 +2413,10 @@ msgstr ""
 msgid "Settings are busy"
 msgstr ""
 
+#: internal/app/runtime_settings.go:142
+msgid "Settings saved, but key changes could not be applied: {0}. Previous keys remain active."
+msgstr ""
+
 #: internal/app/quick_settings.go:298
 msgid "Settings saved."
 msgstr ""
diff --git a/internal/i18n/locale/pl/LC_MESSAGES/fenrir.po b/internal/i18n/locale/pl/LC_MESSAGES/fenrir.po
index 1c929ef7..d34e38f7 100644
--- a/internal/i18n/locale/pl/LC_MESSAGES/fenrir.po
+++ b/internal/i18n/locale/pl/LC_MESSAGES/fenrir.po
@@ -699,7 +699,7 @@ msgid "Could not open Emoji Menu: {0}"
 msgstr "Nie można otworzyć menu emoji: {0}"
 
 #: internal/app/fenrir_menu.go:40 internal/app/fenrir_menu.go:69
-#: internal/app/fenrir_menu.go:92 internal/app/runtime_settings.go:134
+#: internal/app/fenrir_menu.go:92 internal/app/runtime_settings.go:164
 msgid "Could not open Fenrir Menu: {0}"
 msgstr "Nie można otworzyć menu Fenrira: {0}"
 
@@ -717,7 +717,7 @@ msgid "Could not save exceptions: {0}"
 msgstr "Nie można zapisać wyjątków: {0}"
 
 #: internal/app/fenrir_menu.go:203 internal/app/fenrir_menu.go:209
-#: internal/app/runtime_settings.go:177 internal/app/runtime_settings.go:205
+#: internal/app/runtime_settings.go:207 internal/app/runtime_settings.go:235
 msgid "Could not save settings: {0}"
 msgstr "Nie można zapisać ustawień: {0}"
 
@@ -1029,7 +1029,7 @@ msgstr "twarz wystawiająca język"
 msgid "Face with symbols"
 msgstr "Twarz z symbolami"
 
-#: internal/app/quick_settings.go:295 internal/app/runtime_settings.go:160
+#: internal/app/quick_settings.go:295 internal/app/runtime_settings.go:190
 msgid "Failed to save settings."
 msgstr "Nie udało się zapisać ustawień."
 
@@ -2352,7 +2352,7 @@ msgstr "Twarz salutująca"
 msgid "Santa"
 msgstr "Święty Mikołaj"
 
-#: internal/app/runtime_settings.go:156 internal/app/runtime_settings.go:173
+#: internal/app/runtime_settings.go:186 internal/app/runtime_settings.go:203
 msgid "Save unavailable."
 msgstr "Zapisywanie niedostępne."
 
@@ -2457,6 +2457,12 @@ msgstr "Ustaw początek i koniec okna."
 msgid "Settings are busy"
 msgstr "Ustawienia są zajęte"
 
+#: internal/app/runtime_settings.go:142
+msgid ""
+"Settings saved, but key changes could not be applied: {0}. Previous keys "
+"remain active."
+msgstr "Ustawienia zapisano, ale nie udało się zastosować zmian klawiszy: {0}. Poprzednie klawisze pozostają aktywne."
+
 #: internal/app/quick_settings.go:298
 msgid "Settings saved."
 msgstr "Ustawienia zapisane."
diff --git a/internal/i18n/locale/pt/LC_MESSAGES/fenrir.po b/internal/i18n/locale/pt/LC_MESSAGES/fenrir.po
index d68cd6e4..288116e1 100644
--- a/internal/i18n/locale/pt/LC_MESSAGES/fenrir.po
+++ b/internal/i18n/locale/pt/LC_MESSAGES/fenrir.po
@@ -697,7 +697,7 @@ msgid "Could not open Emoji Menu: {0}"
 msgstr "Não foi possível abrir o menu de emojis: {0}"
 
 #: internal/app/fenrir_menu.go:40 internal/app/fenrir_menu.go:69
-#: internal/app/fenrir_menu.go:92 internal/app/runtime_settings.go:134
+#: internal/app/fenrir_menu.go:92 internal/app/runtime_settings.go:164
 msgid "Could not open Fenrir Menu: {0}"
 msgstr "Não foi possível abrir o menu do Fenrir: {0}"
 
@@ -715,7 +715,7 @@ msgid "Could not save exceptions: {0}"
 msgstr "Não foi possível salvar as exceções: {0}"
 
 #: internal/app/fenrir_menu.go:203 internal/app/fenrir_menu.go:209
-#: internal/app/runtime_settings.go:177 internal/app/runtime_settings.go:205
+#: internal/app/runtime_settings.go:207 internal/app/runtime_settings.go:235
 msgid "Could not save settings: {0}"
 msgstr "Não foi possível salvar as configurações: {0}"
 
@@ -1029,7 +1029,7 @@ msgstr "Rosto mostrando a língua"
 msgid "Face with symbols"
 msgstr "Rosto com símbolos"
 
-#: internal/app/quick_settings.go:295 internal/app/runtime_settings.go:160
+#: internal/app/quick_settings.go:295 internal/app/runtime_settings.go:190
 msgid "Failed to save settings."
 msgstr "Falha ao salvar as configurações."
 
@@ -2356,7 +2356,7 @@ msgstr "Cara saudando militarmente"
 msgid "Santa"
 msgstr "Papai Noel"
 
-#: internal/app/runtime_settings.go:156 internal/app/runtime_settings.go:173
+#: internal/app/runtime_settings.go:186 internal/app/runtime_settings.go:203
 msgid "Save unavailable."
 msgstr "Salvamento indisponível."
 
@@ -2461,6 +2461,12 @@ msgstr "Definir marcas de início e fim da janela"
 msgid "Settings are busy"
 msgstr "As configurações estão ocupadas"
 
+#: internal/app/runtime_settings.go:142
+msgid ""
+"Settings saved, but key changes could not be applied: {0}. Previous keys "
+"remain active."
+msgstr "Configurações salvas, mas não foi possível aplicar as alterações de teclas: {0}. As teclas anteriores permanecem ativas."
+
 #: internal/app/quick_settings.go:298
 msgid "Settings saved."
 msgstr "Configurações salvas."
diff --git a/internal/i18n/locale/ru/LC_MESSAGES/fenrir.po b/internal/i18n/locale/ru/LC_MESSAGES/fenrir.po
index c2dc536c..2325ce87 100644
--- a/internal/i18n/locale/ru/LC_MESSAGES/fenrir.po
+++ b/internal/i18n/locale/ru/LC_MESSAGES/fenrir.po
@@ -696,7 +696,7 @@ msgid "Could not open Emoji Menu: {0}"
 msgstr "Не удалось открыть меню эмодзи: {0}"
 
 #: internal/app/fenrir_menu.go:40 internal/app/fenrir_menu.go:69
-#: internal/app/fenrir_menu.go:92 internal/app/runtime_settings.go:134
+#: internal/app/fenrir_menu.go:92 internal/app/runtime_settings.go:164
 msgid "Could not open Fenrir Menu: {0}"
 msgstr "Не удалось открыть меню Fenrir: {0}"
 
@@ -714,7 +714,7 @@ msgid "Could not save exceptions: {0}"
 msgstr "Не удалось сохранить исключения: {0}"
 
 #: internal/app/fenrir_menu.go:203 internal/app/fenrir_menu.go:209
-#: internal/app/runtime_settings.go:177 internal/app/runtime_settings.go:205
+#: internal/app/runtime_settings.go:207 internal/app/runtime_settings.go:235
 msgid "Could not save settings: {0}"
 msgstr "Не удалось сохранить настройки: {0}"
 
@@ -1025,7 +1025,7 @@ msgstr "Показывает язык"
 msgid "Face with symbols"
 msgstr "Лицо с символами"
 
-#: internal/app/quick_settings.go:295 internal/app/runtime_settings.go:160
+#: internal/app/quick_settings.go:295 internal/app/runtime_settings.go:190
 msgid "Failed to save settings."
 msgstr "Не удалось сохранить настройки."
 
@@ -2348,7 +2348,7 @@ msgstr "Отдающее честь лицо"
 msgid "Santa"
 msgstr "Дед Мороз"
 
-#: internal/app/runtime_settings.go:156 internal/app/runtime_settings.go:173
+#: internal/app/runtime_settings.go:186 internal/app/runtime_settings.go:203
 msgid "Save unavailable."
 msgstr "Сохранение недоступно."
 
@@ -2453,6 +2453,12 @@ msgstr "Установка начала и конца окна"
 msgid "Settings are busy"
 msgstr "Настройки заняты"
 
+#: internal/app/runtime_settings.go:142
+msgid ""
+"Settings saved, but key changes could not be applied: {0}. Previous keys "
+"remain active."
+msgstr "Настройки сохранены, но изменения клавиш не удалось применить: {0}. Прежние клавиши остаются активными."
+
 #: internal/app/quick_settings.go:298
 msgid "Settings saved."
 msgstr "Настройки сохранены"
diff --git a/internal/input/modifiers_linux.go b/internal/input/modifiers_linux.go
index 72c31ea7..9092fa3a 100644
--- a/internal/input/modifiers_linux.go
+++ b/internal/input/modifiers_linux.go
@@ -149,6 +149,7 @@ func (r *Router) Configure_modifiers(fenrirKeys, scriptKeys []string) error {
 	if err := candidate.Configure_scripts(scriptKeys, nil); err != nil {
 		return err
 	}
+	candidate.scriptBindings = r.scriptBindings
 	*r = candidate
 	return nil
 }
diff --git a/internal/input/modifiers_test.go b/internal/input/modifiers_test.go
index af289208..5e5290ad 100644
--- a/internal/input/modifiers_test.go
+++ b/internal/input/modifiers_test.go
@@ -94,3 +94,20 @@ func TestCapsLockScriptModifierKeepsShiftToggle(t *testing.T) {
 		t.Fatal("script chord toggled capitalization", got)
 	}
 }
+
+func TestModifierReconfigurationPreservesInstalledScriptBindings(t *testing.T) {
+	r := desktop_router(t)
+	if err := r.Configure_modifiers([]string{"KEY_INSERT"}, []string{"KEY_COMPOSE"}); err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	if err := r.Configure_scripts([]string{"KEY_COMPOSE"}, []ScriptBinding{{ID: "script:example", Keys: []string{"KEY_SCRIPT", "KEY_U"}}}); err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	if err := r.Configure_modifiers([]string{"KEY_META"}, []string{"KEY_CAPSLOCK"}); err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	r.Key(0, KeyCapsLock, 1, false, false)
+	if got := r.Key(0, 22, 1, false, false); got.Command != "script:example" {
+		t.Fatal("script binding lost", got)
+	}
+}
diff --git a/internal/input/router.go b/internal/input/router.go
index f4eb9fe0..fb2e9a71 100644
--- a/internal/input/router.go
+++ b/internal/input/router.go
@@ -134,6 +134,9 @@ func (r *Router) Forwarded(device int) []uint16 {
 	return keys
 }
 
+// Idle reports whether all devices have released their routed keys.
+func (r *Router) Idle() bool { return r.empty() }
+
 // Held reports physical state for one device, including consumed keys whose
 // release has not arrived yet.
 func (r *Router) Held(device int) bool { return len(r.keys[device]) != 0 }
diff --git a/internal/terminal/keyboard_linux.go b/internal/terminal/keyboard_linux.go
index 7a0bb8aa..e7787f69 100644
--- a/internal/terminal/keyboard_linux.go
+++ b/internal/terminal/keyboard_linux.go
@@ -72,6 +72,36 @@ func (k *Keyboard) Close() error {
 	return nil
 }
 
+// Update_modifiers applies only between complete chords and outside modal capture.
+// The native transaction retains the previous grabs if any new grab is refused.
+func (k *Keyboard) Update_modifiers(fenrirKeys, scriptKeys []string) (bool, error) {
+	s := k.session
+	if s.router.Captured() || s.grabbed || s.captureBlocked || len(s.held) != 0 || len(s.replayed) != 0 {
+		return false, nil
+	}
+	candidate := s.router
+	if err := candidate.Configure_modifiers(fenrirKeys, scriptKeys); err != nil {
+		return false, err
+	}
+	var keys []C.int
+	for _, key := range append(candidate.Reader_keys(), candidate.Script_keys()...) {
+		keys = append(keys, C.int(key))
+	}
+	var keyPointer *C.int
+	if len(keys) > 0 {
+		keyPointer = &keys[0]
+	}
+	status := C.terminal_x_update_keys(s.x, keyPointer, C.int(len(keys)))
+	if err := native_error(status); err != nil {
+		return false, fmt.Errorf("update X11 modifier keys: %w", err)
+	}
+	if status != 0 {
+		return false, nil
+	}
+	s.router = candidate
+	return true, nil
+}
+
 // capture_keyboard treats desktop/focus contention as a refused chord, not a
 // terminal-session failure. Keep modal intent while discarding stale key state.
 func (s *Session) capture_keyboard() (int, error) {
diff --git a/internal/terminal/native.c b/internal/terminal/native.c
index ee7b962a..41c04d12 100644
--- a/internal/terminal/native.c
+++ b/internal/terminal/native.c
@@ -175,7 +175,7 @@ int terminal_key(VTerm *vt, const TerminalEvent *event, char *bytes, int size) {
     return length;
 }
 
-struct TerminalX { Display *display; Window window; unsigned int numlock; int grabbed; XIM im; XIC ic; int scriptKeys[KEY_MAX+1]; int scriptKeyCount; };
+struct TerminalX { Display *display; Window window; unsigned int numlock; int grabbed; XIM im; XIC ic; int scriptKeys[KEY_MAX+1]; int scriptKeyCount; unsigned char grabbedKeys[256]; };
 static int x_error;
 static int trap_error(Display *display, XErrorEvent *event) {
     (void)display;
@@ -206,8 +206,7 @@ static void observe_windows(TerminalX *x, Window window, int depth, int *remaini
     }
     if (children) XFree(children);
 }
-static void install_grabs(TerminalX *x) {
-    Window window = x->window;
+static void collect_grabs(TerminalX *x, const int *keys, int count, unsigned char wanted[256]) {
     x->numlock = 0;
     XModifierKeymap *modifiers = XGetModifierMapping(x->display);
     KeyCode numlock = XKeysymToKeycode(x->display, XK_Num_Lock);
@@ -218,14 +217,14 @@ static void install_grabs(TerminalX *x) {
                     x->numlock |= 1u << mask;
         XFreeModifiermap(modifiers);
     }
-    KeySym keys[] = {XK_Insert,
+    KeySym fixedKeys[] = {XK_Insert,
         XK_KP_Insert, XK_KP_End, XK_KP_Down, XK_KP_Page_Down, XK_KP_Left,
         XK_KP_Begin, XK_KP_Right, XK_KP_Home, XK_KP_Up, XK_KP_Page_Up,
         XK_KP_Delete, XK_KP_Enter, XK_KP_Add, XK_KP_Subtract, XK_KP_Divide,
         XK_Control_L, XK_Control_R};
-    for (unsigned int i=0; i<sizeof(keys)/sizeof(keys[0]); i++) {
-        KeyCode code = XKeysymToKeycode(x->display, keys[i]);
-        if (code) XGrabKey(x->display, code, AnyModifier, window, False, GrabModeAsync, GrabModeSync);
+    for (unsigned int i=0; i<sizeof(fixedKeys)/sizeof(fixedKeys[0]); i++) {
+        KeyCode code = XKeysymToKeycode(x->display, fixedKeys[i]);
+        if (code) wanted[code] = 1;
     }
     // Script modifiers may be any Linux key, not just Compose. Resolve through
     // the same symbol translation as event routing instead of assuming that
@@ -235,14 +234,63 @@ static void install_grabs(TerminalX *x) {
     for (int code=first; code<=last; code++) {
         KeySym symbol = XkbKeycodeToKeysym(x->display, code, 0, 0);
         int key = terminal_key_code(symbol, code);
-        for (int i=0; i<x->scriptKeyCount; i++) {
-            if (key == x->scriptKeys[i]) {
-                XGrabKey(x->display, code, AnyModifier, window, False, GrabModeAsync, GrabModeSync);
+        for (int i=0; i<count; i++) {
+            if (key == keys[i]) {
+                wanted[code] = 1;
                 break;
             }
         }
     }
 }
+static int replace_grabs(TerminalX *x, const int *keys, int count, int idleOnly) {
+    if (count < 0 || count > KEY_MAX+1) return -EINVAL;
+    // Freeze other clients only for the bounded grab transaction. This closes
+    // the gap between the idle check, adding grabs and switching key sets.
+    XGrabServer(x->display);
+    XSync(x->display, False);
+    if (idleOnly) {
+        char down[32];
+        XQueryKeymap(x->display, down);
+        int busy = XPending(x->display) != 0;
+        for (int i=0; i<32; i++) busy |= down[i] != 0;
+        if (busy) { XUngrabServer(x->display); XFlush(x->display); return 1; }
+    }
+    unsigned char wanted[256] = {0};
+    XErrorHandler previous = begin_trap(x->display);
+    collect_grabs(x, keys, count, wanted);
+    for (int code=0; code<256; code++) {
+        if (wanted[code] && !x->grabbedKeys[code])
+            XGrabKey(x->display, code, AnyModifier, x->window, False, GrabModeAsync, GrabModeSync);
+    }
+    int error = end_trap(x->display, previous);
+    if (error) {
+        previous = begin_trap(x->display);
+        for (int code=0; code<256; code++) {
+            if (wanted[code] && !x->grabbedKeys[code])
+                XUngrabKey(x->display, code, AnyModifier, x->window);
+        }
+        end_trap(x->display, previous);
+    } else {
+        for (int code=0; code<256; code++) {
+            if (x->grabbedKeys[code] && !wanted[code])
+                XUngrabKey(x->display, code, AnyModifier, x->window);
+        }
+        memcpy(x->grabbedKeys, wanted, sizeof(wanted));
+        x->scriptKeyCount = count;
+        for (int i=0; i<count; i++) x->scriptKeys[i] = keys[i];
+    }
+    XUngrabServer(x->display);
+    XSync(x->display, False);
+    return error ? -error : 0;
+}
+static void install_grabs(TerminalX *x) {
+    unsigned char wanted[256] = {0};
+    collect_grabs(x, x->scriptKeys, x->scriptKeyCount, wanted);
+    for (int code=0; code<256; code++) {
+        if (wanted[code]) XGrabKey(x->display, code, AnyModifier, x->window, False, GrabModeAsync, GrabModeSync);
+    }
+    memcpy(x->grabbedKeys, wanted, sizeof(wanted));
+}
 int terminal_x_caps_lock(TerminalX *x, int enabled) {
     if (!XkbLockModifiers(x->display, XkbUseCoreKbd, LockMask, enabled ? LockMask : 0)) return -EIO;
     XSync(x->display, False);
@@ -254,13 +302,10 @@ int terminal_x_toggle_caps(TerminalX *x) {
     return terminal_x_caps_lock(x, !(state.locked_mods & LockMask));
 }
 int terminal_x_script_keys(TerminalX *x, const int *keys, int count) {
-    if (count < 0 || count > KEY_MAX+1) return -EINVAL;
-    XErrorHandler previous = begin_trap(x->display);
-    x->scriptKeyCount = count;
-    for (int i=0; i<count; i++) x->scriptKeys[i] = keys[i];
-    install_grabs(x);
-    int error = end_trap(x->display, previous);
-    return error ? -error : 0;
+    return replace_grabs(x, keys, count, 0);
+}
+int terminal_x_update_keys(TerminalX *x, const int *keys, int count) {
+    return replace_grabs(x, keys, count, 1);
 }
 TerminalX *terminal_x_open(unsigned long window, int *error) {
     TerminalX *x = calloc(1, sizeof(*x));
diff --git a/internal/terminal/native.h b/internal/terminal/native.h
index ac6273e8..d96245fc 100644
--- a/internal/terminal/native.h
+++ b/internal/terminal/native.h
@@ -29,6 +29,7 @@ TerminalX *terminal_x_open(unsigned long window, int *error);
 int terminal_x_caps_lock(TerminalX *x, int enabled);
 int terminal_x_toggle_caps(TerminalX *x);
 int terminal_x_script_keys(TerminalX *x, const int *keys, int count);
+int terminal_x_update_keys(TerminalX *x, const int *keys, int count);
 void terminal_x_close(TerminalX *x);
 int terminal_x_fd(TerminalX *x);
 int terminal_x_down(TerminalX *x, int code);
diff --git a/tests/native_terminal.py b/tests/native_terminal.py
index d9babdfb..211b20b3 100644
--- a/tests/native_terminal.py
+++ b/tests/native_terminal.py
@@ -231,6 +231,20 @@ class KeyboardFixture:
             for name in reversed(keys):
                 self.event(name, False)
 
+    def grab_key(self, window, name):
+        self.x11.XGrabKey.argtypes = [ctypes.c_void_p, ctypes.c_int, ctypes.c_uint, ctypes.c_ulong, ctypes.c_int, ctypes.c_int, ctypes.c_int]
+        symbol = self.x11.XStringToKeysym(name.encode())
+        code = self.x11.XKeysymToKeycode(self.display, symbol)
+        self.x11.XGrabKey(self.display, code, 1 << 15, int(window), False, 1, 1)
+        self.x11.XSync(self.display, 0)
+
+    def ungrab_key(self, window, name):
+        self.x11.XUngrabKey.argtypes = [ctypes.c_void_p, ctypes.c_int, ctypes.c_uint, ctypes.c_ulong]
+        symbol = self.x11.XStringToKeysym(name.encode())
+        code = self.x11.XKeysymToKeycode(self.display, symbol)
+        self.x11.XUngrabKey(self.display, code, 1 << 15, int(window))
+        self.x11.XSync(self.display, 0)
+
     def transient_focus(self, count):
         # Another client can destroy its focused window while Fenrir walks
         # that window's parent chain. Use real X requests to exercise the race.
@@ -437,17 +451,53 @@ def main():
                 spoken("cannot be both a Fenrir key and a script key", start)
                 assert (root / "settings.toml").read_bytes() == originalSettings
                 key("Shift_L+Tab", "Shift_L+Tab", "space")  # Remove Script Super.
+                keyboard.grab_key(window, "Super_L")
+                start = len(server.events)
                 save_menu()
+                spoken("Previous keys remain active", start)
+                start = len(server.events)
+                key("Caps_Lock+i")
+                spoken("prompt", start)
+                key("Multi_key+z")
+                spoken("script modifier works", start)
+                keyboard.grab_key(window, "Super_R")  # No partially added grab leaked.
+                keyboard.ungrab_key(window, "Super_R")
+                keyboard.ungrab_key(window, "Super_L")
+                # Retry the same saved choices, while holding the closing key
+                # and old modifier across the asynchronous save completion.
+                key("Caps_Lock+f", "Right")
+                for _ in range(32):
+                    before = len(server.events)
+                    key("Tab")
+                    text = wait_for(lambda: next((item for item in reversed(server.events[before:]) if item != "CANCEL"), None), "retry next control")
+                    if text == "OK button":
+                        break
+                else:
+                    raise AssertionError("Retry did not reach OK")
+                start = len(server.events)
+                keyboard.event("Caps_Lock", True)
+                keyboard.event("Return", True)
+                spoken("Fenrir Menu closed", start)
+                time.sleep(0.15)
+                keyboard.event("Return", False)
+                start = len(server.events)
+                key("i")  # Old Caps modifier still owns its held chord.
+                spoken("prompt", start)
+                keyboard.event("Caps_Lock", False)
+                time.sleep(0.1)
                 saved = tomllib.loads((root / "settings.toml").read_text())
                 readerKeys = saved["keyboard"]["fenrir_keys"]
                 scriptKeys = saved["general"]["script_keys"]
                 assert "KEY_CAPSLOCK" not in readerKeys and "KEY_META" in readerKeys, saved
                 assert "KEY_CAPSLOCK" in scriptKeys and "KEY_META" not in scriptKeys, saved
                 start = len(server.events)
-                key("Caps_Lock+i")  # Saving must not change the running modifiers.
+                key("Super_L+i")  # New assignments work without a restart.
                 spoken("prompt", start)
+                start = len(server.events)
+                key("Caps_Lock+z")
+                spoken("script modifier works", start)
                 assert recorded() == b"", recorded()
-                key("Caps_Lock+q")
+                key("Super_L+q")
                 wait_for(lambda: (root / "finished").exists(), "modifier first session quit")
                 assert json.loads((root / "finished").read_text())["status"] == 0
                 for name in ["started", "finished", "size", "input", "shell-pid"]:
@@ -470,7 +520,7 @@ def main():
                 key("Super_L+q")
                 wait_for(lambda: (root / "finished").exists(), "modifier second session quit")
                 assert json.loads((root / "finished").read_text()) == {"status": 0, "restored": True, "flagsRestored": True}
-                print("PASS: modifier checkbox announcements, rejected overlap without saving, key role changes saved for next launch, restarted Super review, Caps Lock script dispatch, Shift Caps toggle and ordinary typing")
+                print("PASS: modifier checkbox announcements, rejected overlap without saving, passive grab conflict rollback, retry after held-key release, immediate key role changes, restarted Super review, Caps Lock script dispatch, Shift Caps toggle and ordinary typing")
                 return
 
             if os.environ.get("FENRIR_CAPS_TEST_ONLY") == "1":