diff --git a/src/cthulhu/ax_utilities_collection.py b/src/cthulhu/ax_utilities_collection.py
index 9a356cf..f4e2c8d 100644
--- a/src/cthulhu/ax_utilities_collection.py
+++ b/src/cthulhu/ax_utilities_collection.py
@@ -100,6 +100,10 @@ class AXUtilitiesCollection:
             return []
 
         role_list = list(role_list)
+        if AXUtilitiesCollection._should_avoid_collection_for_roles(root, role_list):
+            return AXUtilitiesCollection._find_all_with_role_fallback(
+                root, role_list, role_match_type, pred)
+
         tokens = ["AXUtilitiesCollection:", inspect.currentframe(),
                   "Root:", root, role_match_type, "of:", role_list]
         debug.print_tokens(debug.LEVEL_INFO, tokens, True)
@@ -111,6 +115,87 @@ class AXUtilitiesCollection:
 
         return matches
 
+    @staticmethod
+    def _find_all_with_role_fallback(
+        root: Atspi.Accessible,
+        role_list: list[Atspi.Role],
+        role_match_type: Atspi.CollectionMatchType,
+        pred: Callable[[Atspi.Accessible], bool] | None = None
+    ) -> list[Atspi.Accessible]:
+        def matchesLandmarkRole(acc, role):
+            if role == Atspi.Role.LANDMARK:
+                return True
+            if AXUtilitiesRole.is_landmark_banner(acc):
+                return True
+            if AXUtilitiesRole.is_landmark_complementary(acc):
+                return True
+            if AXUtilitiesRole.is_landmark_contentinfo(acc):
+                return True
+            if AXUtilitiesRole.is_landmark_form(acc):
+                return True
+            if AXUtilitiesRole.is_landmark_main(acc):
+                return True
+            if AXUtilitiesRole.is_landmark_navigation(acc):
+                return True
+            if AXUtilitiesRole.is_landmark_region(acc):
+                return True
+            if AXUtilitiesRole.is_landmark_search(acc):
+                return True
+            return AXUtilitiesRole.is_dpub(acc)
+
+        def role_matches(acc):
+            role = AXObject.get_role(acc)
+            matched = role in role_list
+            if not matched and Atspi.Role.LANDMARK in role_list:
+                matched = matchesLandmarkRole(acc, role)
+            if role_match_type == Atspi.CollectionMatchType.NONE:
+                matched = not matched
+            if not matched:
+                return False
+            if pred is None:
+                return True
+            return pred(acc)
+
+        return AXObject.find_all_descendants(root, role_matches)
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def _should_avoid_collection_for_roles(
+        root: Atspi.Accessible,
+        role_list: list[Atspi.Role]
+    ) -> bool:
+        if Atspi.Role.LANDMARK not in role_list:
+            return False
+
+        toolkit_name = AXObject.get_toolkit_name(root)
+        if toolkit_name in {"chromium", "chrome"}:
+            msg = (
+                "AXUtilitiesCollection: Avoiding collection interface for landmarks "
+                f"in Chromium-family app (toolkit={toolkit_name})."
+            )
+            debug.print_message(debug.LEVEL_INFO, msg, True)
+            return True
+
+        app = AXObject.get_application(root)
+        raw_name = AXObject.get_name(app) or ""
+        app_name = raw_name.lower()
+        chromium_apps = {
+            "brave",
+            "chrome",
+            "chromium",
+            "edge",
+            "opera",
+            "vivaldi",
+        }
+        if not any(name in app_name for name in chromium_apps):
+            return False
+
+        msg = (
+            "AXUtilitiesCollection: Avoiding collection interface for landmarks "
+            f"in Chromium-family app ({raw_name or 'unknown app'})."
+        )
+        debug.print_message(debug.LEVEL_INFO, msg, True)
+        return True
+
     @staticmethod
     def find_all_with_interfaces(
         root: Atspi.Accessible,
diff --git a/src/cthulhu/structural_navigation.py b/src/cthulhu/structural_navigation.py
index 3abe229..eeb009b 100644
--- a/src/cthulhu/structural_navigation.py
+++ b/src/cthulhu/structural_navigation.py
@@ -806,14 +806,26 @@ class StructuralNavigation:
             self.clearCache()
             self._inModalDialog = inModalDialog
 
+        def filterZombies(matchList):
+            if not matchList:
+                return []
+            return [match for match in matchList if not self._script.utilities.isZombie(match)]
+
         document = self._script.utilities.documentFrame()
         cache = self._objectCache.get(hash(document), {})
         key = f"{structuralNavigationObject.objType}:{arg}"
         matches = cache.get(key, [])
         if matches:
-            tokens = ["STRUCTURAL NAVIGATION: Returning", len(matches), "matches from cache"]
+            matches = filterZombies(matches)
+            if matches:
+                tokens = ["STRUCTURAL NAVIGATION: Returning", len(matches), "matches from cache"]
+                debug.printTokens(debug.LEVEL_INFO, tokens, True)
+                return matches.copy()
+
+            tokens = ["STRUCTURAL NAVIGATION: Cached matches are zombies; refreshing"]
             debug.printTokens(debug.LEVEL_INFO, tokens, True)
-            return matches.copy()
+            cache.pop(key, None)
+            self._objectCache[hash(document)] = cache
 
         if structuralNavigationObject.getter:
             matches = structuralNavigationObject.getter(document, arg)
@@ -834,6 +846,7 @@ class StructuralNavigation:
                       "objects outside of modal dialog", modalDialog]
             debug.printTokens(debug.LEVEL_INFO, tokens, True)
 
+        matches = filterZombies(matches)
         rv = matches.copy()
         cache[key] = matches
         self._objectCache[hash(document)] = cache
@@ -899,6 +912,8 @@ class StructuralNavigation:
         def _isValidMatch(obj):
             if AXObject.is_dead(obj):
                 return False
+            if self._script.utilities.isZombie(obj):
+                return False
             if self._script.utilities.isHidden(obj) or self._script.utilities.isEmpty(obj):
                 return False
             if structuralNavigationObject.predicate is None: