commit 84644276378cafb9b663e1d8ad36575c14f74462
Author: Storm Dragon <stormdragon2976@gmail.com>
Date:   Thu May 14 23:22:15 2026 -0400

    Instead of saying something boring like initial commit... Behold, evil and darkness unleashed upon the world... That's right, vim in bash!

diff --git a/README.md b/README.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..7b35b20
--- /dev/null
+++ b/README.md
@@ -0,0 +1,44 @@
+# bim
+
+`bim` is a tiny Vim-like editor written in Bash.
+
+This is an early prototype, not a full Vim replacement. It starts in command
+mode and supports:
+
+- `i` insert before the cursor
+- `a` append after the cursor
+- `I` insert at the beginning of the line
+- `A` append at the end of the line
+- arrow keys, plus `h`, `j`, `k`, `l`
+- `w` move forward by word
+- `b` move backward by word
+- `e` move to the end of the current or next word
+- `x` delete the character under the cursor
+- `dd` delete the current line
+- `d$` or `D` delete from the cursor to the end of the line
+- `dw` delete forward by word
+- `db` delete backward by word
+- `cw` change word
+- `cc` change the current line
+- `C` change from the cursor to the end of the line
+- `s` substitute the character under the cursor
+- `r` replace the character under the cursor
+- `yy` yank the current line
+- `p` paste the yanked or deleted line below the cursor
+- `o` open a new line below and enter insert mode
+- `O` open a new line above and enter insert mode
+- `u` undo the last change
+- numeric prefixes for common commands, such as `2dd`, `20yy`, `3p`, `5j`,
+  `4x`, `5w`, `5dw`, `3rX`, and `2s`
+- `Esc` return to command mode
+- `Ctrl+G` show file, modified state, line, and column info
+- `:w`, `:w path`, `:q`, `:q!`, `:wq`, and `:wq path`
+
+There is no persistent ruler/status line. The bottom line is used only for
+commands, messages, and explicit `Ctrl+G` file info.
+
+Run it with:
+
+```bash
+./bim path/to/file
+```
diff --git a/bim b/bim
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..6024a85
--- /dev/null
+++ b/bim
@@ -0,0 +1,989 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env bash
+set -uo pipefail
+
+filePath="${1:-}"
+mode="command"
+statusMessage=""
+renderedMessage=$'\001'
+pendingInput=""
+pendingCommand=""
+commandCount=""
+hasYank=0
+dirty=0
+cursorRow=0
+cursorCol=0
+topRow=0
+declare -a lines=("")
+declare -a yankBuffer=()
+declare -a undoLines=()
+hasUndo=0
+undoCursorRow=0
+undoCursorCol=0
+undoTopRow=0
+undoDirty=0
+insertUndoSaved=0
+
+if [[ -n "$filePath" && -f "$filePath" ]]; then
+    mapfile -t lines < "$filePath"
+    ((${#lines[@]} == 0)) && lines=("")
+fi
+
+cleanup() {
+    local rows
+    rows="$(tput lines 2>/dev/null || printf '24')"
+    printf '\033[H\033[J\033[%s;1H\033[?25h\033[?1049l' "$rows"
+    stty "$savedStty"
+    printf '\n'
+}
+
+die() {
+    cleanup
+    printf 'bim: %s\n' "$*" >&2
+    exit 1
+}
+
+savedStty="$(stty -g)"
+trap cleanup EXIT
+trap 'exit 130' INT TERM
+stty raw -echo
+printf '\033[?1049h\033[?25l'
+
+screen_size() {
+    screenRows="$(tput lines 2>/dev/null || printf '24')"
+    screenCols="$(tput cols 2>/dev/null || printf '80')"
+    editRows=$((screenRows - 1))
+    ((editRows < 1)) && editRows=1
+}
+
+line_length() {
+    local row="$1"
+    printf '%s' "${#lines[row]}"
+}
+
+clamp_cursor() {
+    local maxRow=$(( ${#lines[@]} - 1 ))
+    ((cursorRow < 0)) && cursorRow=0
+    ((cursorRow > maxRow)) && cursorRow="$maxRow"
+
+    local maxCol
+    maxCol="$(line_length "$cursorRow")"
+    ((cursorCol < 0)) && cursorCol=0
+    ((cursorCol > maxCol)) && cursorCol="$maxCol"
+
+    if ((cursorRow < topRow)); then
+        topRow="$cursorRow"
+    elif ((cursorRow >= topRow + editRows)); then
+        topRow=$((cursorRow - editRows + 1))
+    fi
+}
+
+file_info() {
+    local name="${filePath:-[No Name]}"
+    local dirtyMark=""
+    [[ "$dirty" == 1 ]] && dirtyMark=" [+]"
+    statusMessage="${name}${dirtyMark}  line $((cursorRow + 1)) of ${#lines[@]}, col $((cursorCol + 1))"
+}
+
+draw_message() {
+    if [[ "$statusMessage" != "$renderedMessage" ]]; then
+        printf '\033[%s;1H%-*.*s' "$screenRows" "$screenCols" "$screenCols" "$statusMessage"
+        renderedMessage="$statusMessage"
+    fi
+}
+
+draw_screen() {
+    screen_size
+    clamp_cursor
+
+    printf '\033[H'
+    local row line text
+    for ((row = 0; row < editRows; row++)); do
+        line=$((topRow + row))
+        printf '\033[%s;1H\033[K' "$((row + 1))"
+        if ((line < ${#lines[@]})); then
+            text="${lines[line]}"
+            printf '%-*.*s' "$screenCols" "$screenCols" "$text"
+        else
+            printf '~'
+        fi
+    done
+
+    draw_message
+    printf '\033[%s;%sH' "$((cursorRow - topRow + 1))" "$((cursorCol + 1))"
+}
+
+read_key() {
+    local char next third rest
+    if [[ -n "$pendingInput" ]]; then
+        key="${pendingInput:0:1}"
+        pendingInput="${pendingInput:1}"
+        return 0
+    fi
+
+    IFS= read -rsN1 char || return 1
+    if [[ "$char" == $'\033' ]]; then
+        if IFS= read -rsN1 -t 0.01 next; then
+            if [[ "$next" == "[" ]]; then
+                rest="$next"
+                while IFS= read -rsN1 -t 0.001 char; do
+                    rest+="$char"
+                done
+                key=$'\033'"$rest"
+            elif [[ "$next" == "O" ]]; then
+                if IFS= read -rsN1 -t 0.001 third; then
+                    if [[ "$third" =~ [ABCD] ]]; then
+                        key=$'\033'"O$third"
+                    else
+                        pendingInput="O$third"
+                        key=$'\033'
+                    fi
+                else
+                    pendingInput="O"
+                    key=$'\033'
+                fi
+            else
+                pendingInput="$next"
+                key=$'\033'
+            fi
+        else
+            key=$'\033'
+        fi
+    else
+        key="$char"
+    fi
+}
+
+move_left() {
+    if ((cursorCol > 0)); then
+        ((cursorCol--))
+    fi
+}
+
+move_right() {
+    local maxCol
+    maxCol="$(line_length "$cursorRow")"
+    if ((cursorCol < maxCol)); then
+        ((cursorCol++))
+    fi
+}
+
+move_up() {
+    ((cursorRow > 0)) && ((cursorRow--))
+}
+
+move_down() {
+    ((cursorRow + 1 < ${#lines[@]})) && ((cursorRow++))
+}
+
+is_blank_char() {
+    local char="$1"
+    [[ "$char" =~ [[:space:]] ]]
+}
+
+is_last_buffer_position() {
+    local row="$1"
+    local col="$2"
+    ((row == ${#lines[@]} - 1 && col >= ${#lines[row]}))
+}
+
+step_position_forward() {
+    local -n rowRef="$1"
+    local -n colRef="$2"
+    if ((colRef < ${#lines[rowRef]})); then
+        ((colRef++))
+    elif ((rowRef + 1 < ${#lines[@]})); then
+        ((rowRef++))
+        colRef=0
+    fi
+}
+
+step_position_backward() {
+    local -n rowRef="$1"
+    local -n colRef="$2"
+    if ((colRef > 0)); then
+        ((colRef--))
+    elif ((rowRef > 0)); then
+        ((rowRef--))
+        colRef="${#lines[rowRef]}"
+    fi
+}
+
+move_word_forward() {
+    local count="$1"
+    local i row col char
+    for ((i = 0; i < count; i++)); do
+        row="$cursorRow"
+        col="$cursorCol"
+        if is_last_buffer_position "$row" "$col"; then
+            break
+        fi
+
+        if ((col < ${#lines[row]})); then
+            char="${lines[row]:col:1}"
+            if ! is_blank_char "$char"; then
+                while ! is_last_buffer_position "$row" "$col"; do
+                    if ((col >= ${#lines[row]})); then
+                        break
+                    fi
+                    char="${lines[row]:col:1}"
+                    is_blank_char "$char" && break
+                    step_position_forward row col
+                done
+            fi
+        fi
+
+        while ! is_last_buffer_position "$row" "$col"; do
+            if ((col >= ${#lines[row]})); then
+                step_position_forward row col
+                continue
+            fi
+            char="${lines[row]:col:1}"
+            ! is_blank_char "$char" && break
+            step_position_forward row col
+        done
+
+        cursorRow="$row"
+        cursorCol="$col"
+    done
+}
+
+move_word_backward() {
+    local count="$1"
+    local i row col char
+    for ((i = 0; i < count; i++)); do
+        row="$cursorRow"
+        col="$cursorCol"
+        if ((row == 0 && col == 0)); then
+            break
+        fi
+
+        step_position_backward row col
+
+        while ((row > 0 || col > 0)); do
+            if ((col >= ${#lines[row]})); then
+                step_position_backward row col
+                continue
+            fi
+            char="${lines[row]:col:1}"
+            ! is_blank_char "$char" && break
+            step_position_backward row col
+        done
+
+        while ((row > 0 || col > 0)); do
+            if ((col == 0)); then
+                break
+            fi
+            char="${lines[row]:col-1:1}"
+            is_blank_char "$char" && break
+            step_position_backward row col
+        done
+
+        cursorRow="$row"
+        cursorCol="$col"
+    done
+}
+
+move_word_end_forward() {
+    local count="$1"
+    local i row col nextRow nextCol char nextChar
+    for ((i = 0; i < count; i++)); do
+        row="$cursorRow"
+        col="$cursorCol"
+        if is_last_buffer_position "$row" "$col"; then
+            break
+        fi
+
+        if ((col < ${#lines[row]})); then
+            char="${lines[row]:col:1}"
+            nextRow="$row"
+            nextCol="$col"
+            step_position_forward nextRow nextCol
+            if ! is_blank_char "$char"; then
+                if ((nextCol >= ${#lines[nextRow]})); then
+                    row="$nextRow"
+                    col="$nextCol"
+                else
+                    nextChar="${lines[nextRow]:nextCol:1}"
+                    if is_blank_char "$nextChar"; then
+                        row="$nextRow"
+                        col="$nextCol"
+                    fi
+                fi
+            fi
+        fi
+
+        while ! is_last_buffer_position "$row" "$col"; do
+            if ((col >= ${#lines[row]})); then
+                step_position_forward row col
+                continue
+            fi
+            char="${lines[row]:col:1}"
+            ! is_blank_char "$char" && break
+            step_position_forward row col
+        done
+
+        while ! is_last_buffer_position "$row" "$col"; do
+            nextRow="$row"
+            nextCol="$col"
+            step_position_forward nextRow nextCol
+            if ((nextCol >= ${#lines[nextRow]})); then
+                break
+            fi
+            nextChar="${lines[nextRow]:nextCol:1}"
+            is_blank_char "$nextChar" && break
+            row="$nextRow"
+            col="$nextCol"
+        done
+
+        cursorRow="$row"
+        cursorCol="$col"
+    done
+}
+
+command_count() {
+    if [[ -n "$commandCount" ]]; then
+        printf '%s' "$commandCount"
+    else
+        printf '1'
+    fi
+}
+
+save_undo() {
+    undoLines=("${lines[@]}")
+    undoCursorRow="$cursorRow"
+    undoCursorCol="$cursorCol"
+    undoTopRow="$topRow"
+    undoDirty="$dirty"
+    hasUndo=1
+}
+
+ensure_insert_undo() {
+    if ((insertUndoSaved == 0)); then
+        save_undo
+        insertUndoSaved=1
+    fi
+}
+
+enter_insert_mode() {
+    local saveSnapshot="${1:-1}"
+    if ((saveSnapshot == 1)); then
+        save_undo
+    fi
+    insertUndoSaved=1
+    mode="insert"
+    statusMessage=""
+}
+
+undo_last_change() {
+    if ((hasUndo == 0)); then
+        statusMessage="Already at oldest change"
+        return
+    fi
+
+    lines=("${undoLines[@]}")
+    cursorRow="$undoCursorRow"
+    cursorCol="$undoCursorCol"
+    topRow="$undoTopRow"
+    dirty="$undoDirty"
+    hasUndo=0
+    insertUndoSaved=0
+    statusMessage="Undone"
+    clamp_cursor
+}
+
+insert_char() {
+    local char="$1"
+    local line="${lines[cursorRow]}"
+    ensure_insert_undo
+    lines[cursorRow]="${line:0:cursorCol}${char}${line:cursorCol}"
+    ((cursorCol++))
+    dirty=1
+}
+
+split_line() {
+    local line="${lines[cursorRow]}"
+    local before="${line:0:cursorCol}"
+    local after="${line:cursorCol}"
+    ensure_insert_undo
+    lines[cursorRow]="$before"
+    lines=("${lines[@]:0:cursorRow+1}" "$after" "${lines[@]:cursorRow+1}")
+    ((cursorRow++))
+    cursorCol=0
+    dirty=1
+}
+
+backspace_insert() {
+    local line previous
+    if ((cursorCol > 0)); then
+        ensure_insert_undo
+        line="${lines[cursorRow]}"
+        lines[cursorRow]="${line:0:cursorCol-1}${line:cursorCol}"
+        ((cursorCol--))
+        dirty=1
+    elif ((cursorRow > 0)); then
+        ensure_insert_undo
+        previous="${lines[cursorRow-1]}"
+        cursorCol="${#previous}"
+        lines[cursorRow-1]+="${lines[cursorRow]}"
+        lines=("${lines[@]:0:cursorRow}" "${lines[@]:cursorRow+1}")
+        ((cursorRow--))
+        dirty=1
+    fi
+}
+
+delete_under_cursor() {
+    local line="${lines[cursorRow]}"
+    if ((cursorCol < ${#line})); then
+        lines[cursorRow]="${line:0:cursorCol}${line:cursorCol+1}"
+        dirty=1
+    fi
+}
+
+compare_positions() {
+    local leftRow="$1"
+    local leftCol="$2"
+    local rightRow="$3"
+    local rightCol="$4"
+    if ((leftRow < rightRow || (leftRow == rightRow && leftCol < rightCol))); then
+        printf -- '-1'
+    elif ((leftRow == rightRow && leftCol == rightCol)); then
+        printf '0'
+    else
+        printf '1'
+    fi
+}
+
+delete_range() {
+    local startRow="$1"
+    local startCol="$2"
+    local endRow="$3"
+    local endCol="$4"
+    local comparison line prefix suffix
+
+    comparison="$(compare_positions "$startRow" "$startCol" "$endRow" "$endCol")"
+    if [[ "$comparison" == "0" ]]; then
+        return
+    elif [[ "$comparison" == "1" ]]; then
+        local tempRow="$startRow"
+        local tempCol="$startCol"
+        startRow="$endRow"
+        startCol="$endCol"
+        endRow="$tempRow"
+        endCol="$tempCol"
+    fi
+
+    if ((startRow == endRow)); then
+        line="${lines[startRow]}"
+        lines[startRow]="${line:0:startCol}${line:endCol}"
+    else
+        prefix="${lines[startRow]:0:startCol}"
+        suffix="${lines[endRow]:endCol}"
+        lines=("${lines[@]:0:startRow}" "${prefix}${suffix}" "${lines[@]:endRow+1}")
+    fi
+
+    if ((${#lines[@]} == 0)); then
+        lines=("")
+    fi
+    cursorRow="$startRow"
+    cursorCol="$startCol"
+    dirty=1
+    statusMessage=""
+    clamp_cursor
+}
+
+delete_to_end_of_line() {
+    local startRow="$cursorRow"
+    local startCol="$cursorCol"
+    local endCol
+    endCol="${#lines[startRow]}"
+    if ((startCol >= endCol)); then
+        return 1
+    fi
+
+    delete_range "$startRow" "$startCol" "$startRow" "$endCol"
+}
+
+delete_word_forward() {
+    local count="$1"
+    local startRow="$cursorRow"
+    local startCol="$cursorCol"
+    save_undo
+    move_word_forward "$count"
+    delete_range "$startRow" "$startCol" "$cursorRow" "$cursorCol"
+}
+
+delete_word_backward() {
+    local count="$1"
+    local startRow="$cursorRow"
+    local startCol="$cursorCol"
+    save_undo
+    move_word_backward "$count"
+    delete_range "$startRow" "$startCol" "$cursorRow" "$cursorCol"
+}
+
+change_word() {
+    local count="$1"
+    local startRow="$cursorRow"
+    local startCol="$cursorCol"
+    local endRow endCol
+    save_undo
+    move_word_end_forward "$count"
+    endRow="$cursorRow"
+    endCol="$cursorCol"
+    if ! is_last_buffer_position "$endRow" "$endCol"; then
+        step_position_forward endRow endCol
+    elif ((endCol < ${#lines[endRow]})); then
+        ((endCol++))
+    fi
+    delete_range "$startRow" "$startCol" "$endRow" "$endCol"
+    enter_insert_mode 0
+}
+
+change_current_line() {
+    save_undo
+    lines[cursorRow]=""
+    cursorCol=0
+    dirty=1
+    enter_insert_mode 0
+}
+
+change_to_end_of_line() {
+    save_undo
+    delete_to_end_of_line
+    enter_insert_mode 0
+}
+
+substitute_chars() {
+    local count="$1"
+    local startCol="$cursorCol"
+    local endCol=$((cursorCol + count))
+    local lineLength
+    lineLength="${#lines[cursorRow]}"
+    ((endCol > lineLength)) && endCol="$lineLength"
+    save_undo
+    if ((startCol < endCol)); then
+        delete_range "$cursorRow" "$startCol" "$cursorRow" "$endCol"
+    fi
+    enter_insert_mode 0
+}
+
+replace_chars() {
+    local count="$1"
+    local replacement="$2"
+    local line="${lines[cursorRow]}"
+    local lineLength="${#line}"
+    local actual=0
+    local i targetCol
+
+    if [[ ! "$replacement" =~ [[:print:]] ]] || ((cursorCol >= lineLength)); then
+        statusMessage=""
+        return
+    fi
+
+    save_undo
+    for ((i = 0; i < count; i++)); do
+        targetCol=$((cursorCol + i))
+        ((targetCol >= lineLength)) && break
+        line="${line:0:targetCol}${replacement}${line:targetCol+1}"
+        ((actual++))
+    done
+    lines[cursorRow]="$line"
+    if ((actual > 0)); then
+        cursorCol=$((cursorCol + actual - 1))
+    fi
+    dirty=1
+    statusMessage=""
+}
+
+open_line_below() {
+    lines=("${lines[@]:0:cursorRow+1}" "" "${lines[@]:cursorRow+1}")
+    ((cursorRow++))
+    cursorCol=0
+    enter_insert_mode 0
+    dirty=1
+}
+
+open_line_above() {
+    lines=("${lines[@]:0:cursorRow}" "" "${lines[@]:cursorRow}")
+    cursorCol=0
+    enter_insert_mode 0
+    dirty=1
+}
+
+yank_lines() {
+    local requested="$1"
+    local available=$(( ${#lines[@]} - cursorRow ))
+    local actual="$requested"
+    ((actual > available)) && actual="$available"
+    ((actual < 1)) && actual=1
+
+    yankBuffer=("${lines[@]:cursorRow:actual}")
+    hasYank=1
+    statusMessage="$actual line yanked"
+    ((actual != 1)) && statusMessage="$actual lines yanked"
+}
+
+delete_lines() {
+    local requested="$1"
+    local available=$(( ${#lines[@]} - cursorRow ))
+    local actual="$requested"
+    ((actual > available)) && actual="$available"
+    ((actual < 1)) && actual=1
+
+    save_undo
+    yankBuffer=("${lines[@]:cursorRow:actual}")
+    hasYank=1
+
+    lines=("${lines[@]:0:cursorRow}" "${lines[@]:cursorRow+actual}")
+    if ((${#lines[@]} == 0)); then
+        lines=("")
+        cursorRow=0
+    elif ((cursorRow >= ${#lines[@]})); then
+        cursorRow=$(( ${#lines[@]} - 1 ))
+    fi
+    cursorCol=0
+    statusMessage="$actual line deleted"
+    ((actual != 1)) && statusMessage="$actual lines deleted"
+    dirty=1
+}
+
+paste_line_below() {
+    local count="$1"
+    local insertAt=$((cursorRow + 1))
+    local firstPastedRow="$insertAt"
+
+    if ((hasYank == 0)); then
+        statusMessage="Nothing in yank buffer"
+        return
+    fi
+
+    save_undo
+    local i
+    for ((i = 0; i < count; i++)); do
+        lines=("${lines[@]:0:insertAt}" "${yankBuffer[@]}" "${lines[@]:insertAt}")
+        insertAt=$((insertAt + ${#yankBuffer[@]}))
+    done
+    cursorRow="$firstPastedRow"
+    cursorCol=0
+    statusMessage=""
+    dirty=1
+}
+
+save_file() {
+    local target="$1"
+    [[ -z "$target" ]] && return 1
+
+    local line
+    : > "$target"
+    for line in "${lines[@]}"; do
+        printf '%s\n' "$line" >> "$target"
+    done
+    filePath="$target"
+    dirty=0
+    statusMessage="Wrote $target"
+}
+
+prompt_command() {
+    local command key
+    command=":"
+    while true; do
+        statusMessage="$command"
+        draw_screen
+        read_key || return
+        case "$key" in
+            $'\033')
+                statusMessage=""
+                return
+                ;;
+            $'\r'|$'\n')
+                break
+                ;;
+            $'\177'|$'\b')
+                if ((${#command} > 1)); then
+                    command="${command:0:${#command}-1}"
+                fi
+                ;;
+            *)
+                if [[ "$key" =~ [[:print:]] ]]; then
+                    command+="$key"
+                fi
+                ;;
+        esac
+    done
+
+    command="${command#:}"
+    case "$command" in
+        q)
+            if [[ "$dirty" == 1 ]]; then
+                statusMessage="Unsaved changes. Use :q! to quit anyway."
+            else
+                exit 0
+            fi
+            ;;
+        q!)
+            exit 0
+            ;;
+        w)
+            if save_file "$filePath"; then
+                :
+            else
+                statusMessage="No file name. Use :w path"
+            fi
+            ;;
+        w\ *)
+            save_file "${command#w }" || statusMessage="Could not write file"
+            ;;
+        wq)
+            if save_file "$filePath"; then
+                exit 0
+            else
+                statusMessage="No file name. Use :w path"
+            fi
+            ;;
+        wq\ *)
+            save_file "${command#wq }" && exit 0
+            statusMessage="Could not write file"
+            ;;
+        *)
+            statusMessage="Unknown command: :$command"
+            ;;
+    esac
+}
+
+handle_command_key() {
+    local key="$1"
+    local count i
+    if [[ -n "$pendingCommand" ]]; then
+        count="$(command_count)"
+        if [[ "$pendingCommand" == "r" ]]; then
+            replace_chars "$count" "$key"
+            pendingCommand=""
+            commandCount=""
+            return
+        fi
+        case "${pendingCommand}${key}" in
+            dd)
+                delete_lines "$count"
+                ;;
+            d'$')
+                save_undo
+                delete_to_end_of_line
+                ;;
+            dw)
+                delete_word_forward "$count"
+                ;;
+            db)
+                delete_word_backward "$count"
+                ;;
+            cc)
+                change_current_line
+                ;;
+            c'$')
+                change_to_end_of_line
+                ;;
+            cw)
+                change_word "$count"
+                ;;
+            yy)
+                yank_lines "$count"
+                ;;
+            *)
+                statusMessage=""
+                ;;
+        esac
+        pendingCommand=""
+        commandCount=""
+        return
+    fi
+
+    case "$key" in
+        [1-9])
+            commandCount+="$key"
+            statusMessage=""
+            ;;
+        0)
+            if [[ -n "$commandCount" ]]; then
+                commandCount+="$key"
+                statusMessage=""
+            else
+                cursorCol=0
+            fi
+            ;;
+        i)
+            commandCount=""
+            enter_insert_mode
+            ;;
+        a)
+            commandCount=""
+            if ((cursorCol < $(line_length "$cursorRow"))); then
+                ((cursorCol++))
+            fi
+            enter_insert_mode
+            ;;
+        I)
+            commandCount=""
+            cursorCol=0
+            enter_insert_mode
+            ;;
+        A)
+            commandCount=""
+            cursorCol="$(line_length "$cursorRow")"
+            enter_insert_mode
+            ;;
+        h|$'\033[D')
+            count="$(command_count)"
+            for ((i = 0; i < count; i++)); do move_left; done
+            commandCount=""
+            ;;
+        l|$'\033[C')
+            count="$(command_count)"
+            for ((i = 0; i < count; i++)); do move_right; done
+            commandCount=""
+            ;;
+        k|$'\033[A')
+            count="$(command_count)"
+            for ((i = 0; i < count; i++)); do move_up; done
+            commandCount=""
+            ;;
+        j|$'\033[B')
+            count="$(command_count)"
+            for ((i = 0; i < count; i++)); do move_down; done
+            commandCount=""
+            ;;
+        w)
+            count="$(command_count)"
+            move_word_forward "$count"
+            commandCount=""
+            ;;
+        e)
+            count="$(command_count)"
+            move_word_end_forward "$count"
+            commandCount=""
+            ;;
+        b)
+            count="$(command_count)"
+            move_word_backward "$count"
+            commandCount=""
+            ;;
+        '$')
+            commandCount=""
+            cursorCol="$(line_length "$cursorRow")"
+            ;;
+        x)
+            count="$(command_count)"
+            save_undo
+            for ((i = 0; i < count; i++)); do delete_under_cursor; done
+            commandCount=""
+            ;;
+        D)
+            commandCount=""
+            save_undo
+            delete_to_end_of_line
+            ;;
+        C)
+            commandCount=""
+            change_to_end_of_line
+            ;;
+        s)
+            count="$(command_count)"
+            substitute_chars "$count"
+            commandCount=""
+            ;;
+        r)
+            pendingCommand="$key"
+            statusMessage=""
+            ;;
+        d|y|c)
+            pendingCommand="$key"
+            statusMessage=""
+            ;;
+        p)
+            count="$(command_count)"
+            paste_line_below "$count"
+            commandCount=""
+            ;;
+        o)
+            count="$(command_count)"
+            save_undo
+            for ((i = 0; i < count; i++)); do open_line_below; done
+            commandCount=""
+            ;;
+        O)
+            count="$(command_count)"
+            save_undo
+            for ((i = 0; i < count; i++)); do open_line_above; done
+            commandCount=""
+            ;;
+        :)
+            commandCount=""
+            prompt_command
+            ;;
+        $'\007')
+            commandCount=""
+            file_info
+            ;;
+        u)
+            commandCount=""
+            undo_last_change
+            ;;
+        $'\003')
+            commandCount=""
+            statusMessage="Use :q to quit"
+            ;;
+        *)
+            commandCount=""
+            ;;
+    esac
+}
+
+handle_insert_key() {
+    local key="$1"
+    case "$key" in
+        $'\033')
+            mode="command"
+            insertUndoSaved=0
+            statusMessage=""
+            ;;
+        $'\033[D')
+            move_left
+            ;;
+        $'\033[C')
+            move_right
+            ;;
+        $'\033[A')
+            move_up
+            ;;
+        $'\033[B')
+            move_down
+            ;;
+        $'\r'|$'\n')
+            split_line
+            ;;
+        $'\177'|$'\b')
+            backspace_insert
+            ;;
+        $'\007')
+            file_info
+            ;;
+        $'\003')
+            mode="command"
+            insertUndoSaved=0
+            statusMessage="Use :q to quit"
+            ;;
+        *)
+            if [[ "$key" =~ [[:print:]] ]]; then
+                insert_char "$key"
+            fi
+            ;;
+    esac
+}
+
+while true; do
+    draw_screen
+    read_key || exit 0
+    if [[ "$mode" == "insert" ]]; then
+        handle_insert_key "$key"
+    else
+        handle_command_key "$key"
+    fi
+done